SURGICAL OPERATIONS. 26) 
completely whole, although she has been going at g.ass all the 
time, and, now that she has got the advantage of a cork stump, 
makes a wonderful shift for herself, and yields a good supply of 
milk to her owner.’ 
Mr. Dick also notices another case of amputation of the fore-leg 
of a two-year old heifer; and of a third, where the hind leg was 
removed above the tarsus. Such operations have occasionally oc- 
eurred from time immemorial, with a few enterprising characters, 
We have heard of them, but they were mostly regarded as mere 
matters of curiosity or wonder, and, therefore, were not imitated. 
We shall, however, probably, erelong have them more common, 
in cows, at least; for, occurring below the carpus and tarsus, they 
are as easily performed as nicking or docking; and there is no 
doubt but, were a hollow padded stump applied, such low opera- 
tions might be prudent in many cases. Fractures, with great 
comminution of bone, considerable ravages of disease within the 
foot, or extensive gangrene, are the cages which might call for am- 
putation. 
Of the method of amputation little need be added to the above. 
The principal practical points are, the fixing of a torniquet of 
sufficient force, which should be padded to make its principal 
pressure on the leading arterial trunks, while its general circumfei 
ence will act on the smaller vessels. A ring should be cut lightly 
below the intended place of operation, only through the integu- 
ments, which, when separated from their cellular adhesions for 
about six inches, should be turned back; and a circular incision 
may then be made through the museles, etc., taking up by liga- 
ture such vexssels, both venous and arterial, as display a disposition 
for much henorrhage. The section thus made, free the bone from 
the soft parts hy the scalpel, where the adherences are very inti- 
mate, and, having, by means of a crucial bandage, retracted the 
soft parts altogether above the bone, saw it through. Finally, 
effectually secure the principal vessels, when, bringing the soft 
parts and skin over the bone, retain them there by proper ban- 
daging, which suffer to remain without disturbance until the third 
or fourth day. 
Amputation of the Penis.--Amputation of the penis is not un- 
known among us. It has been performed several times, and it is 
found that no canula is necessary to keep open the urethra, the force 
of the urinary flow breaking down any incipient cicatrization of ite 
