DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND SUB-TISSUES. 283 
breathing-holes in the body corresponding with those in the body 
of the caterpillar from which it was produced—the same body, in 
fact, remaining after the wings are developed. If you dip a feather 
in oil, and smear the two spirules nearest the tail, the lower por- 
tion of the body will be paralyzed so far as these holes. Proceed- 
ing upward, you may paralyze the whole body until you come to 
the last two, which are situated just below the jaws. So lung as 
these remain open, the insect will continue to breathe, but if these 
are now closed, he dies immediately. To exterminate lice upor 
any animal, it is only necessary to cover the animal completely 
with grease or oil. The simplest and cheapest oil is best—lard, 
fish vil, or any other that is at hand. When the lice have not 
beco.ae so numerous as to produce the disease known as pityriasis, 
or munge, this application, undoubtedly, is the best that can be 
used. In addition to being effective, it is perfectly harmless. 
Stock breeders should always recollect that prevention shows wis- 
dom, . nd saves annoyance and expense; and, by neatness, cleanli- 
ness aud comfort, the health of the animal will be insured, and the 
animals will not become infested with the troublesome parasites, 
Poultry lice affecting horses.—Horses, when located near a hen- 
roost, are apt to be infested with poultry lice. The remedy is the 
same as in the case of the common louse. 
Dismases OF THE HEELS (GREASE, ScratcHeEs, “ WATER 
Farcy,” “ Weep Snort,” “Miitk Lee”). 
In olden times grease, or scratches, and cracked heels, were not 
only very prevalent but very formidable affections. Before 
veterinary surgeons were employed in the British Army, many 
thousands of valuable horses were condemned as useless for active 
service in consequence of the prevalence of that loathsome affee- 
tion known as inveterate grease; but now, in consequence of the 
presence of veterinary surgeons, and the consequent improved 
system of management in camp and stable, grease is almost un- 
known. Most veterinary writers contend that grease almost 
always arises from improper management of the horse, yet I have 
seen it occur in horses that were well cared for and properly 
treated. The truth is, some horses are predisposed to affections 
of the skin of the heels and the sebaceous glands of the same; 
and, altucugh cleanliness and good management may stave off an 
attack for a long while, yet when the system abounds in morbific 
