SECTION XI. 
CN BEEEDING, AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THE SAMS 
BarepInc—Tue PrRinciPLes oF KREEDING—IN-AND-IN BREEDING—PERMANEAL 
VaARierirs-—ANIMAL8 BECOME PARENTS TOO EaRLY—OBJECTIONS TO IN-aAWD 
IN BREEDING ANSWERED—THE ADVANTAGE OF IN-AND-IN BREEDING Taw 
Importance or Stupyina@ ANaTOMY AND PuHysIoLoey 
BREEDING. 
HE choice of a sire and dam is a point of the utmost conse- 
quence in breeding horses (or indeed any other animal}, as 
the offspring will be found, in almost every instance, to inherit 
the qualities of its parents. Peculiarity of form and constitution 
is inherent, and descends from generation to generation; hence 
the necessary attention to those niceties which breeders are often 
apt to forget. Nor is it sufficient that one of the parents be good 
and the other indifferent; for the perfection of the sire may be 
lost through the deficiencies of the mare, and vice versd. 
In the selection of a stallion many things should be observed. 
There should be general uniformity and compactness in every 
part. The height should depend on the occupation the foal is 
destined to fill The legs should be particularly examined, and 
disease should pervade no part of the system. Tat, heavy horses, 
with thick legs, and ccarse, unseemly heads, should always be 
avoided. Ilorses should be free from specks on the eye—partial 
or total blindness. Temper is an essential point, for vice is some- 
times hereditary. Stallions that cover too many mares in a sea- 
son, in the latter period produce weak offspring. 
As regards the mare, it is well known that the dam contributes 
more to the integrity of the offsyring than the sire. It is essential 
that she he in full possession of her natural strength and powers. 
The vigor of the constitution determines much in favor of the 
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