HORSE MANAGEMENT, ET. 395 
The third pair are termed curvators coccyz. These muscles are 
situated on the sides of the tail, between the first and second pairs. 
They are attached to the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra, and to 
the sides or transverse processes of all the bones of the tail. Their 
action is to curve or flex the tail toward the quarter and sides, and 
the division of one of these muscles causes permanent flexnre of 
the tail in an opposite direction. Considering the tail as a meant 
of defense in switching off flies, etc., these muscles are the principal 
ones called into action. 
The fourth pair are termed compressors coccyx. They are lo- 
cated at the sides and root of the tail, and are inserted into the 
back part of the hip bones (ischium), and into the five first bones 
of the tail. The action of these muscles is to maintain the tail 
forcibly against the anus. In the mare, these muscles protect her 
from ravishment. 
The arteries of the Tail are termed coccygeal arteries. Those lo- 
cated at the sides are called lateral coccygeal, and the one found 
in the lower or inferior region is called inferior coccygeal. 
Nerves of the Tail—As with the muscles, so with the nerves. 
There are four pairs of coccygeal nerves. They are not a con- 
tinuation of the true spinal cord, but are given off from it. They 
are distributed to the muscular filaments, to the skin, and at the 
extremity of the tail. 
Docxine Horsss, 
All persons familiar with the old tactics of “jockeyism” and 
the tricks of horse trade, will understand what is meant by the 
above caption. It is a most cruel and barbarous outrage on one 
of Nature’s menials, and I feel inclined to indorse the sentiments 
of the profound poet Tupper, when he says, “In that great day, 
when crime is sentenced, cruel man shall not go uncondemned 
because no complaining brute stands there accusing, for our Fa- 
ther careth when a sparrow dies.” 
Horses should never be deprived of any part of that valuable 
weapon of defense known as the tail. Ii is a part and parcel of 
the organization of the horse, and to deprive him of what Nature 
gave him, after the fashion of “doing all things well,” is an out- 
rage which should be considered beneath the dignity of a gentle- 
man to perpetrate. Resides the cruelty which is acknowledged 
