HORSE MANAGEMENT, ETC. 401 
No. 63. Iodide of potass ...........0.00 000 1 dr. 
Simple ointment ...............0.. 6 dr. 
Glycerine............00085 pisaens 209, 
Mix these ingredients well together, and they are then fit for 
use. A few applications of this ointment will have the effect of 
removing the callous, when a healthy surface will appear. 
Some animals, owing to a peculiarity of constitution or of form, 
will chafe in those parts which come in contact with the collar and 
saddle, and no human foresight nor mechanical contrivance can 
always succecd in preventing thesame. For cxample, some horses 
are humory, as the saying is—perhaps have a taint of scrofula 
about them—and if they perform a hard day’s labor in the warm 
seasor of the year, notwithstanding they be harnessed in the best 
possible manner, they will coine home at night with either galled 
shoulders or sore back. For such cases as these the harness-maker, 
with all his skill and ingenuity, has no other remedy than that of 
@ palliative character. 
‘Tou HEART. 
The current of blood is said tu be put in motion by a muscular 
organ known as the heart, which is located within the thorax, or 
chest. The blood is distributed to all the various ramifications 
of the body by means of vessels called arteries, and it is returned 
to the hcart by the veins. The red color of the blood is due to 
the presence of red corpuscles, which are always to be found in the 
blood of the vertebrata. In some of the invertebrata the blood 
is white, or resembles the color of chyle. 
Mode of Circulation. ~The blood, having been propelled from 
the left or posterior ventricle of the heart to all the various rami- 
fications of the body, passes through the extreme vessels (capil- 
lary) into the veins. ‘These veins terminate in a vessel known as 
vena cava, anterior and posterior, both of which sections termi- 
nate in the right or anterior auricle. This auricle contracts, and 
the venous blood thus finds its way into the right ventricle, where 
the pulmonary arteries have their origin. By aid of the muscular 
power of this ventricle, the blood is sent through the pulmonary 
arteries to the lungs (aeration and oxygenation). ‘The color of 
this blood is dark, almost black. It is highly carbonized, abounds 
in morbific matter and the worn-out materials of the body, and 
in this state is a non-supporter of vitality. In this condition, 
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