INDEX. 



519 



LIF 



MAR 



life — continued. 



— influences which regulate the distri- 



bution of marine life, 407 



— the four hathymetrical zones of 



marine life on the British coasts, 

 according to the late Professor 

 Edward Forbes, of Edinburgh, 408 



— first wakening of life in the bosom 



of the ocean, 435 

 Lighthouses, 80 



— the Eddystone lighthouse, 81 



— the Bellrock, or Inchcape, lighthouse, 



85 



— the Skerryvore lighthouse, 85-89 



— the Pharus of Alexandria, 89 



— progress of marine illumination, 90 

 Lily encrinites, 340 



Limacina arctica, 298 

 Limits of the ocean, progressive changes 

 in the, 9 



— Goodwin Sands, 10 



— alluvial deposits, 10 



— upheaving of coasts, 10 



— subsidence, 10 



— temple of Serapis, 11 



— level of the sea everywhere the same, 



11 

 liimnorise, 247 

 Limpet, 285, 294 

 Limuli, or king-crabs, 246 

 Ling, 215, 415 

 Lingthprn, 335 

 Lithophytes, 373 

 Liverpool Docks, 91 

 Lizards of the sea, 173, 181 



— serpent-lizard, 435 

 Lobsters, 256, 257 

 Loggerheaded duck or goose, 148 

 London Docks, 9 1 



Long- tailed duck, 148 

 Lophobranchii, the, 233 

 Louse, whale, 101 

 Lucernaridae, 350 

 Luminous marine animals, 418 

 Lump-sucker, 415 



MACKEREL, 222 

 Maerocystis pyrifera, 393 



Mr. Darwin's description of it at 



Tierra del Fuego, 393, 396 

 Madeira, depth of the sea near, 1 

 — discovery of, 505 

 Maelstrom, the, 41 

 Magellan, Ferdinand, his discoveries, 



467, 468 

 Magellan's Straits, discovery of, 468 



harmony of animal life in the 



islands of, 490 

 Magilus antiquus, 291 

 Malacca Islands, discovery of the, 462 



Malo, St., high tides of, 38 



Mammaria scintillans, 275 



Manatee, the, 116 



Mantis crab, spotted, 256 



Marco Polo, his travels and discoveries, 



453 

 Maritime discovery, progress of, 441 



— discoveries of the Phoenicians, 443 



— expedition of Hanno, 444 



— circumnavigation of Africa, under 



Pharaoh Neeho II., 4H 



— Ophir, 339 



— Colseus of Samos and Pytheas of 



Massilia, 340 



— expedition of Nearchus, 447 



— circumnavigation of Hindostan, un- 



der the Ptolemies, 447 



— voyages of discovery of the Bomans, 



453 



— consequences of the fall of the Boman 



empire, 448 



— Amain, 449 



— Pisa, Venice, and Genoa, 449 



— resumption of maritime intercourse 



between the Mediterranean and 

 the Atlantic, 451 



— discovery of the compass, 451 



— Marco Polo, 453 



— other discoveries, 453 



— Prince Henry of Portugal, 454 



— discovery of Porto Santo and Madeira, 



455 



— doubling of Cape Bojador, 455 



— discovery of the Azores, 456 



— the line crossed for the first time, 456 



— Benin and Congo discovered, 456 



— and the Cape of Good Hope, 457 



— discovery of America, 457 



— and of Iceland, 457 



— Greenland, 457 



— discoveries of John and Sebastian 



Cabot, 459 



— retrospective view of the beginnings 



of English navigation, 461 



— Ojeda and Amerigo Vespucci, 460 



— Vincent Yanez Pinson, 460 



— Cortes, 461 



— Verazzani, 461 



— Jacques Cartier, 461 



— the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean, 



462 



— Balboa's discovery of the Pacific 



Ocean, 466 



— Magellan, 467 



— Sebastian el Cano, the first circum- 



navigator of the globe, 469 



— Pizarro and Cortes, 470 



— Hrdaneta, 472 



— Juan Fernandez, 473 



— Mendoza, 473 



— Drake, 473 



