INDEX. 



521 



ROM 



Pea-crab, 253 

 Pearl-oyster, 311 

 Pearls, 311, 312 

 Pectinibranchiata, 288 

 Pectunculus, 302 

 Pegasus, swimming, 207 

 Pelamid, 224 

 Pelamys bicolor, 183 

 Pelicans, 116, 154 

 •Penguins, 142, 152 



— species of, 153 

 Pentacrinus briareus, 330 

 Periwinkle, 411 



Peru, visited by Pizarro, 471 



— conquered by him, 472 

 Peruvian ocean-current, the, 62 

 Petrels, 160 



— stormy, 162 



Philippine Islands, discovery of the, 46S 

 Philodina roseola, 269 

 Phoenicians, maritime discoveries of the, 

 443 



— their progress in the arts and sciences, 



445 

 Pholades, 304 

 Pholas dactylus, 301 



— Pliny's accounts of its phosphores- 



cence, 431 



— striata, 302 



Phosphorescence of the sea, causes of, 

 418 



— of various marine animals, 418 

 Phyllosoma, 258 



Physalise, the, 354 



Physophoridse, 353 



Pilchards, 212, 415 



Pilot-fish, 225 



Pinna? of the Mediterranean, 253, 304, 

 305 



Pinson, his discoveries, 460 



Pipe-fishes, 233, 234 



Pisa, maritime trade of, 449 



Pizarro, sketch of him and his com- 

 panions, 469 



Plaice, 238 



Plants, marine; 390 



Plectognaths, 232 



Plesiosaurus, the, 438 



Pleuronectidae, or flat-fishes, 235 



Pliny, his geographical knowledge, 448 



Plover, the, 144 



Plymouth breakwater, in the great storm 

 of 1824, 29 



Polycystina, 382, 383 



Polynesia, length of coast-line of, 4 



Polyps, 345 



Polyzoa, 316, 320 



Porcupine-fish, 232 



Porpoise, 108 



Portland, destructive action of the sea 

 at, 31 



Porto Santo, discovery of, 455 



Portuguese man-of-war, 354 



Poulp, 272, 273 



Prontzchitschew, his maritime disco- 



veries, 483 

 Protozoa, 378 

 Pteroceras, 290 

 Pteropods, their organisation and mods 



of life, 298 

 — the butterflies of the ocean, 299 

 Ptolemies, maritime discoveries of the, 



447 

 Ptolemy, the geographer, his knowledge 



of the globe, 449 

 Ptygura melicerta, 267 

 Puffins, 165, 167 

 Purbeck, destruction of the cliffs at,. 



31 . 

 Pyrosoma atlantica, its phosphorescence, 



420 

 Pyrosomes, 325 



Pytheas of Massilia, his maritime dis- 

 coveries, 446 



QUANTITY of the waters contained 

 within the bosom of the ocean, 8 

 Q.uiros, his maritime discoveries, 480 

 Quito, coast of, discovery of, 470 



EACER, or rider-crab, the, 251 

 Rain, formation of, 72 



— inequality of, 72 



— its return to the sea, 73 

 Rays, 240 

 Razor-shell, 303-306 



Re, oyster-trade of, 311 



Reculver, destruction of the coast aty 

 30 



Red Sea, height of the, 12 



red algae of the, 20 



Phoenician trade on the, 445 



Reef-building corals, 374 



Regent Inlet, Prince, discovery of, 500 



Reptiles of the sea, 172 



Rhodosperms, Ploridese, or red sea- 

 weeds, 398 



— their habitat, 398 



Richardson, Sir John, his arctic voyages, 



501 . 

 Rivers, phenomena presented by the 



mixture of salt and fresh water in, 



16 



— quantities of water which rivers pour 



into the ocean, 75 

 Rock-goose, 149 

 Roggewein, his maritime discoveries, 



483 

 Rome, ancient, maritime discoveries of, 



448 



