35 



Fkag'he.— Easily broken off. 

 FkOndo'sits— Assuming a leaf-like condi- 

 tion. 



Frond— A term given to the leaves of 

 ferns ; also frond, or thallua, is applied 

 to the leafy expansions of Hepatiose. 



Fjruc'tus, Fruit— TUe matured pericarp 

 and its contents, together with any 

 external appendages of the inflorescence 

 which may accompany them, and seem 

 to form an integral part with them, 

 as the calyx in the Apple, the iuvoluoral 

 bracts in the Oak, the receptacle in' the 

 Strawberry, &o. Botanists give the 

 name to all seed-vessels. The peculiar 

 fruits of the large orders have received 

 special names, all of which will be 

 found described in the proper place. 

 The most common are Siliqua, and 

 Silicule of Criociferai, the Legume of 

 LeguminoscB, the Pome of Pyrus ' and 

 its allies, the Pepo of Oucurbitacece, the 

 Gone of Coniferce, the Grain or 

 Caryopsis of Grammece. 



Frumbnta'oeous, Fbumbntaobus — Pro- 

 ducing farina or starch in sufficient 

 abundance to be cultivated for economic 

 purposes. 



Fru'tex — A shrub. Frutes'cbns — Having 

 the appearance of or becoming a shrub. 

 FHDTICDL0S— A little shrub. 



Fuga'cious— Soon falling off, as the calyx 

 of the Poppy before the corolla is 

 expaiided, and the flowers of those 

 pretty aquatic plants Utricula/ria. 



Fol'gens — Very brilliant and glittering. 



FuHGiNo'sns — Sooty. Intense brown, 

 passing to black. The deepest grey, 

 with a little red. 



FuL'vus — Tawny, orange yellow with grey_ 



Fu'meus, Fumo'sus — Smoky, grey with a 

 Uttle red. 



Funa'lis — Belonging to cords. Funili- 

 FORMIS — Formed of coarse fibres resem- 

 bling cords, as the roots of PaTidcmus. 



FuKGo'strs — Spongy ; of a thick, coriaceous, 

 and elastic substance. 



FDNIC'tJLAR-OHORD, FUNIO'ULUS— A little 

 rope, a chord-like appendage, by the 

 intervention of which, in many cases, 

 the seeds are attached instead of being 

 seated immediately ori the placenta. 

 This is very prominent in Acacia. 



FuNio'uLUS — The thread which attaches 

 the sporangia to the wall in the cup- 

 like fungi of Nidulariaceas. 



Funi'liporm — Rope-shaped. Tough, cylin- 

 drical, and flexible, like a chord. 



Furca'tus, Fuecella'tus — Forked, and 

 minutely forked. 



Fubfdra'cbus — Covered with a meal-like 

 powder. 



Fus'cns — Brown, with a grey tinge, deep 

 grey and red. 



Fo'siFOEM, Fdsipor'mis, Fu'sinus— 

 Spindle-shaped ; a solid, whose trans- 

 verse sections perpendicular to the axis 

 are circular, and which tapers gradually 

 at each end ; as the stems of Dendro- 

 Mum speciosum, var. fusiforme. 



Gabd'lus— The fruit of the Cyprus, which 

 is only a modification of the cone or 

 strobilus ; where the apex of each car- 

 pellary scale is much enlarged, as in 

 Gupressus and Thuja, or even fleshy, 

 as in Juniperus ; so that collectively 

 they form a rounded compact fruit. 



Galactopoiet'io — Plants which are sup- 

 posed to havethe powerof increasing the 

 flow of milk. This is attributed to the 

 leaves of the Castor-oil plant. The 

 seed of the Cotton plant are reported 

 to be galac'togogue. 



Ga'lba— A helmet. Ga'leatus — Wearing 

 a helmet. Galeate, Galbipormis — 

 Kesembling a helmet. Where a petal 

 or other membranous organ is shaped 

 in a hollow vaulted manner like a 

 helmet. (See flowers of Pterosiylis. ) 



Gam'ete — Sexiial protoplasmic body, naked 

 or invested with a membrane, motile 

 (zoogamete or plauogamete) or non- 

 motile, which, on conjugation with 

 another gamete of like or unlike out- 

 ward form, gives rise to a body termed 

 "zygote." 



Gamopet'aiotjs^^ Gamopet'alus — Syno- 

 nym for " Monopetalous " ; on the sup- 

 position that the corolla of such are 

 formed by the union or grafting to- 

 gether of several petals. (See the corolla 

 of Ga/rdenia.) 



Gamose'palous, Gamosepaws — Terms of 

 similar construction, supposing such a 

 calyx to be formed by the union of 

 several sepals. 



Gela'tinous, Gelatino'sus — Having |he 

 consistence or general appearance of 

 jelly. 



Gem'inate, Gem'inatds — Growing in pairs, 

 as the fruit of Maha geminata. 



Gem'ma — A young bud. Gemmation, 

 Geminatio— Either the disposition of 

 the buds on plants, or the period of 

 their expansion. 



Gbmmip'erous — Bearing buds. 



Gem'mulb, Gem'mula— Synonym for "Leaf- 

 bud." The buds of mosses ; the repro- 

 ductive corpuscles of Algce. 



Genic'dlate, Gbniculatcs — Where any 

 part is bent abruptly, so as to form a 

 decided angle. GENio'nLUM — A little 

 knee, a joint, a node. 



Genuplex'uous — Bent angularly, like a 

 knee-joint. 



Gb'nus- The smallest natural group com- 

 posed of distinct species. The known 

 species of plants are now far too 

 numerous for the human mind to study 

 without c^fsification, or even to give 

 distinct single names to. To facilitate 

 these objects, an admirable system, 

 invented by that father of botany,* 

 Linnseus, has been universally adopted, 

 viz. — One common substantive name is 

 given to a number of species which 

 resemble each other more than they do 

 any other species; the species so col- 

 lected under one name are collectively 

 called a Genus, the common name being 

 the Generic name. 



Geoblas'tus — An embryo whose cotyledons 

 remain underground during the process 

 of germination, as in the common Pea. 



