54 



Peaten'sis — Belonging to a meadow. 

 Species usually met with in meadows, 

 as the common Red Clover — TnfoUwm 

 pratense. 



Peiok'les and Spines — In ordinary lan- 

 guage these terms are often confounded. 

 A prickle (aculeus), however, is a mere 

 outgrowth from the bark, while the 

 spine (spina) is an abortive sharp- 

 pointed branchlet. A slight pressure 

 at the base will suffice to detach a 

 prickle, as its attachment is but super- 

 ficial, but to remove a spine the woody 

 cylinder of the branch with which 

 it is continuous has to be broken or 

 cut. 



Pki'makt, Peima'kius— The part which is 

 first developed. The principal parts 

 in the subdivisions of a compound 

 arrangement, as the main petioles of 

 a compound leaf; the pedicels of a 

 compound umbel which support the 

 partial umbel. 



Peim'ative, Pkimiti'vus — The first or 

 earliest. The first part developed. 

 Applied to specific types ; in opposition 

 to forms resulting from hybridisation. 



Pki'mine, Pei'min.\— The outermost and 

 last developed integument to the 

 nucleus of the ovule. 



Peimoe'dial, Pkimoedia'us— The earliest 

 formed of any set of organs, or the 

 principal parts of some of them. 

 Peimokdial-Uteicle — The layer or 

 internal coating first formed in and co- 

 extensive with the cell, during the per- 

 fecting of the cellular tissue. 



Peismat'ical — Prism-shaped. Peismat'- 

 icus — Approaching the form of a prism; 

 where the surface of either solids or 

 tubes presents angles, disposed longi- 

 tudinally. Peismen'chyma — Where 

 the vesicles of the cellular tissue are 

 prismatic. (See Juneus prismata- 

 carpus. ) 



PEOBOOID'EUS—Beaked. (See fruit of 

 Martiiaia.) 



Peoce'eus — Lofty. Synonymfor "Elatus." 



Peooum'eent, Peooum'bens — Lying upon 

 or trailing along the ground. (See 

 Justicia procumlcns. ) 



Peoddo'thm, Peoduc'ius — Prolonged. 

 Synonym for " Calcar." 



Peoem'beyo — The portion of the spore in 

 some Acotyledons which assumes a 

 foliaceous character in developing. 



Peoem'inbns — When a part is unusually 

 extended or stretches beyond another, 

 which more frequently surpasses it. 



Peoject'cea — A small longitudinal jirojec- 

 tion on some stems where the leaf 

 originates. 



Peolif'eeous, Peo'lipek, Peoli'peeus — 

 An unusual development of super- 

 numerary parts, of the same or of a 

 different description from those on 

 which they are developed, as where the 

 flower-buds become viviparous ; where 

 the leaf produces germs, &c. 



Peoli'geetjs— Applied to a portion of the 

 apothecio of Lichens, in which the 

 sporulos are generated. 



Pbom'inens — Projecting beyond some 

 ' neighbouring part. 



Peo'nus— Pace downwards. Lying flat 

 upon the ground, or other support. 

 Applied also to the under surface of a 

 horizontal leaf. 



Peopac'ulum— An offset. Peopago— A 

 shoot, a layer, an axillary bud. Peo- 

 pag'dlum— Synonym for " Propacu- 

 lum," a granular reproductive body, 

 many of which, collected together, 

 form the soredia of Lichens. 



Peopaga'tion — This term, applied ^ to 

 plants, means any method by which 

 they can be increased in iiumber. To 

 deal with this subject would necessi- 

 tate the use of illustrations, so little 

 more than the enumeration of the 

 names of the various modes employed 

 for this object will be given. By seed 

 may be termed the most natural, but a 

 very large number of jilants in cultiva- 

 tion are created by the art and in- 

 genuity of man, and such cannot with 

 safety be reproduced by seed ; there- 

 fore, recourse is made to what is termed 

 budding, cuttings, grafting, layering, 

 and leaf-propagation offset, cubers, 

 bulbs, corns, &c. 



Peo'physis, PEoa'PHYSis— Synonym for 

 "Adductor." 



Peo'peius (Peculiar) — Partial. 



Peosool'la — A viscid gland on the ros- 

 tellum of an Orchid. 



Pbosbm'beyum — Synonym for " Perisper- 

 mium." 



Peosen'ohyma, or woody tissue, differs in 

 having its cells considerably longer 

 than broad, usually tapering at each 

 end into points and overlapjjing each 

 other. The cells are commonly thick- 

 walled ; the tissue is firm, tenacious, 

 and elastic, and constitutes the prin- 

 cipal part of wood, of the inner bark, 

 and of the nerves and veins of leaves — 

 fnrming, in short, the framework of the 

 plant. 



Peostea'ttjs — See "Procumbent." 



Peoteean'thous, Peoteeanthus — Where 

 the flower-buds expand before the leaf- 

 buds. 



Peotophyto'logy— Possil botany. 



Peotoplas'ma — A coating deposited on the 

 inside of the cells of the cellular tissue, 

 of quaternary . chemical composition 

 (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitro- 

 gen), which fills an important part in 

 cell-division and growth. 



Peotos'tbophis — A spiral vessel, separat- 

 ing from the main bundle that enters 

 theleaf , and formingpart of the primary 

 vems. 



Peotothal'lus— The first part formed, or 

 substratum to the thallus of Lichens. 



Peui'na — Powdery secretions on the surface 

 of some plants ; also on certain fruits. 

 Peuina'tus, Peuino'sus — Frosted, 

 powdery, as the "bloom" upon Plums 

 or Grapes. This term is scarcely dis- 

 tinct from " Roridus." 



Peu'ning — Shrubs should always be done 

 with a knife, and in such a manner as 

 to leave them with a natural appear- 

 ance. Clean cutting is more agreeable 

 to the eye, and less hurtful to the plant, 

 as the wound readily heals over. Dead 



