es 



Spp'EODEBM^The coating or coyerijig of a 

 spore, 



Spo'eules— Minute spore-llfee bodies. 



Spdmes'obnt, Spdmes'cens (roaming)— 

 Having the appearance of fqam or {roth. 



SpDB, Spubred— When the tube or the 

 lower part of the petal has a eopical 

 hollow projection, compared to the 

 spur Qf a cook, (See flowers of Lark- 

 spur and DewiroUuni.) 



Sqva'ma, Scales — Leaves very inuoh re- 

 duced in size, psually sessile, seldom 

 green or capable of performing the 

 respiratory functions of leaves. In 

 other words, they are ergans resem- 

 bling leaves in their position on the 

 plant, but differing in size, colour, tex- 

 tnre, and functions. They are most 

 frequently on the stock of perennial 

 plants, or at the b^ise of annual 

 pranohes, especially on the buds of 

 future shoots, when they serve ap- 

 parently to protect the dorniaut living 

 germ from the rigour q{ winter, In 

 the latter case they are usually short, 

 broad, close together, and more oy less 

 imbricated — that is, overlapping eaqh 

 other like the t^les of a roof, it is this 

 arrangement as well as their usual 

 sh!t<pu that has suggested the pame of 

 scales, borrowed from the scales of a 

 flsh, Squamblla— A small scale-like 

 bract, frequent on the receptacle of 

 Compositse. Squamo'se, Squajio'sds 

 — Covered with scales 5 01 composed of 

 scale-like appendages. SquAifDLQ'sus 

 ^Covered with small scales. 



Sqijareose', SquAEBO'acs^Where appen- 

 dages diverge at ^ large angle from the 

 a:«i8 or the plane to which they are 

 9.ttached; thus imbripated scales, leaves, 

 of^ bracts are said to he squarrose when 

 their tips are pointed and ve?y spread- 

 ing or Tepurved- 



Sta'ohys (An ear of corn) — Synonym for 

 "Spica." 



Sta'men — The male organ of a flower. 

 Stamens form one or two whorls within 

 the petals. If two, those of the outer 

 whorl (the outer stamens) alternate 

 with the petals, and are eonsequently 

 opposite to or over 'the centre of the 

 sepals ; those of the inner whorl (the 

 inner stamens) alternate with the outer 

 ones,' and are therefor? opposite to the 

 petals. If there is only one whorl of 

 stamens, they most frequently alternate 

 with the petals ; hut sometimes they 

 are opposite the petals and alternate 

 with the sepals. 



Stamina'ws— Belonging to or hearing rela- 

 tion to stamens. 



Stamina'ris — When a double flower is 

 produced hy the transformation of 

 stamens in petals. Synonym for 

 "Staminalis." 



SiAMiNo'DiUM^An abortive stamen ; or at 

 least an organ bearing a resemblance to 

 an abortive stamen. 



Stand'aed — This term is applied to the 

 vexillum of a papilionaceous flower. 



Staboh or Fecula is one oi the most 

 universal and ponspipiious of cell-con- 

 tents, and often so abundant in farin- 



aceous roots and seeds as to fill the 

 cell-cavity. It consists of minute grains, 

 called starch granvlea, which vary in 

 size, and are marked with more or less 

 conspicuous concentric lines of growth. 

 The chemical constitution of starch is 

 the same as that of eellulose ; it is un- 

 affected by cold water, but forms a jelly 

 with boiling water, and turns blue when 

 tested by iodine. When fully dissolved 

 it is no longer starch, but dextrine, 



STATosPEE'MVS^When a seed is straight or 

 erect within the pericarp. 



Staubophyl'IiTjs— Synonym for "Grupia- 

 tus, " Cross-leaf, (See Oxykibmm siauro- 

 ' phyUwm; also, Golletia, crueiatia, the 

 Anchor plant.) 



Stel'lath, Stbl'latus — When several simi- 

 lar parts are disposed in a radiating 

 manner round a centre. Stbllato- 

 PiLoaxJs — When the pubescence is stel- 

 late. StbjjLif'bevs, Stelwfob'mis, 

 Stelli'oeeus, SiEnntA'TUS — Syno- 

 nyms for "Stellatus." (See the down 

 npon Hibisqus heterophyllus, the Native 

 Rosella.) 



STBI-'IiDLA (Diminutive from Stella, a star) — 

 Synonym for " Rosella," The folia- 

 ceous whorls which invest the supposed 

 anthers in mosses. 



Stem— The stem, or ascending axis, which 

 grows upwards from the root, branches, 

 and bears first one or more leaves in 

 succession, then one or more flowers, 

 and finally one or more fruits. It con- 

 tains the tissues or other channels by 

 whiph the nutriment absorbed by the 

 roots is conveyed in the form of sap to 

 the leaves or other points of the surface 

 of the plant, to be elaborated or 

 digested and afterwards redistributed 

 over different parts of the plant for its 

 support and growth. Stems are — 

 Erect, when they ascend perpendipu- 

 larly from the root or stock ; twiggy or 

 virgate, when at the same time they are 

 slender, aiiS, and scarcely branched ; 

 sarmentose, when the branobes of a 

 wQody stem are long and weak, although 

 soarcely climbing; decumbent or 

 ascending, when they spread horizon- 

 tally, or nearly so, at the base, and 

 then turn upwards and beeome ereet ; 

 procumbent, when they spread along 

 the ground the whole or the greater 

 portion of their length ; diffuse, when 

 at the same time very much and rather 

 loosely branched ; prostrate, when they 

 lie still closer to the ground ; creeping, 

 when they emit roots at their nodes ; 

 'this term is also frequently applied to 

 any rhizome or roots which spread 

 horizontally ; tufted or psespitose, when 

 very short, close, and many together 

 from the same stoek. 



Stw'qs — Narrow, as in the eompounds, 

 Stknooae'pus, narrow fruit; Steno- 

 phyl'lcs, narrow leaf. (See the Dalby 

 Myall, Acucia stenopjiylla.) 

 Sterig'mata— Threads bearing colourless 

 bodies ; " Spermatia"=Ba3icljum ; also, 

 the elevated lines or plates upon stems 

 produced by the bases of deourrent 

 leaves, 



