66 



Ster'ile, Ste'bilis — Barren, where the 

 fruit, or pollen, is not perfected. Ap- 

 plies also to the fronds of ferns which 

 ( are not bearing aori. 



Sternutatory — Qualities which provoke 

 sneezing; a property very highly pos- 

 sessed by thelittle Composite, Centipeda 

 orbicularis. ► 



Stiohid'ium (A little bladder)—^ case-like 

 receptacle for the spores of some Algae. 



Stioh'os — A row, line, as Dis'tiohum, Dis''- 



TIOHCHUS. 



SiiCHOCAa'pus — Where the fruit is disposed 

 along a spiral line. 



Stiotopet'alus — Where the petals are 

 covered with glandular points. 



Stig'ma — Exposed cellular tissue, free 

 from epidermis, at one part (gene- 

 rally at the summit of the style 

 or ovarium) of a carpel, where the 

 fertilizing influence of the pollen is 

 conveyed to the ovules. Sometimes 

 the stigma is a point, when it is said to 

 heptmctiform ; if in the form of a small 

 heart, it is called a capitate stigma. 

 Nothing is, properly speaking, stigma, 

 except the secreting surface of the 

 style ; it very often, however, happens 

 that the term is carelessly applied to 

 other portions of the style. In the 

 Iris and its allies, the three petaloid 

 lobed styles' are called stigmata ; while 

 the stigma is in reality confined to a 

 narrow humid space at the back of 

 each style. In Labiatse, what is 

 called a two-lobed stigma has a two- 

 lobed style, the points only of the 

 lobes of which are stigmatic ; and in 

 Sweet Pea the hairy back of the style 

 has been spoken of as the stigma, 

 while in fact the latter is confined to 

 the mere point of the style., 



Stigmato'phords — The portion of the 

 style which bears the stigma. 



Stigmatoste'mon, Stigmatostb'monis — 

 Where the stamens cohere to the 

 stigma. 



Stim'dlans— Pricking or stinging. Stimu- 

 LO'sus — Where a surface is covered 

 with stings. Stim'ulus — A sting. A 

 sting is a sharp, somewhat stiff hair, 

 seated on a gland which secretes an 

 acid fluid. When the skin of the 

 human body is penetrated by the hair, 

 and the fluid injected, this produces 

 acute pain. 



SiiPEL't^ — Secondary stipules, which are 

 sometimes found on compound leaves 

 at the points where the leaflets are 

 inserted. (See leaves of the common 

 French Bean for stipules and stipeUaa. 

 Erythrinas will also serve for examples; 

 here the stipules are often small, and 

 the stipellse gland- like.) 



Sti'pes — This term is usu.ally applied to 

 the stalks of fern-fronds and the stalk 

 which supports the capof certain Fungi. 

 (See stalk in common Mushroom, or the 

 fruit of any of the so-called Native 

 Pomegranates.) 



Sti'pitatb — Elevated on a stalk which is 

 neither a petiole nor a peduncle ; as for 

 example, some kinds of carpels, also 

 scales) bracts; or stipules, or almost 



any part of the plant besides leaves 

 and flowers are stalked, they are said 

 to be stipitate, from Stipes, a stalk. 



Stip'tioos (Stypticus, astringent)— Possess- 

 ing an astringent taste. 



Sli'pnLES— Leaf-like or scale-like append- 

 ages at the base of the leaf-stalk, or on 

 the node of the stem. When present 

 there are generally two, one on each 

 side of the leaf, and they sometimes 

 appear to protect the young leaf before 

 it is developed. They are, however, 

 exceedingly variable in size and ap- 

 pearance, sometimes exactly like the 

 true leaves except that they have no 

 buds in their axils, or looking like the 

 leaflets of a compound leaf, sometimes 

 apparently the only leaves of the plant ; 

 generally small and narrow, sometimes 

 reduced to minute scales, spots, or scars, 

 sometimes united into one_ opposite the 

 leaf, or more or less united with, or 

 adnate to the i^etiole, or quite detached 

 from the leaf, and forming a ring or 

 sheath round the stem in the axis of 

 the leaf. (See Leichhardt tree, Sarco- 

 cephalus cordatus. ) 



Stipulif'eeus— Bearing stipules. Stipc- 

 LOSDS — Having very large stipules. 



Stock — The stock of a herbaceous peren- 

 nial, in its most complete state, in- 

 cludes a small portion of the summit of 

 the previous year's roots, as well as the 

 base of the previous year's stem. Such 

 stocks will increase yearly, so as at 

 length to form dense tufts. They will 

 often preserve through the winter a 

 few leaves, amongst which are placed 

 the buds which grow out into stems the 

 following year, whilst the under side of 

 the stock emits new roots from amongst 

 the remains of the old ones. These 

 perennial stocks only differ from the 

 permanent base of an undershrub in 

 the shortness of the perennial part of 

 the stems and in their texture usually 

 less woody. 



Stole, Sto'lo (A shoot) — A lax trailing 

 branch given off at the summit of the 

 root, and talcing root at intervals, 

 whence fresh buds are developed. 

 Stoloniferu? — Producingmany stoles.- 



Sto'mate, Sto'ma (The mouth)— The epi- 

 dermis is frequently pierced by minute 

 spaces between the cells, called 

 stomates. They are oval or mouth- 

 shaped, bordered by lips formed of two 

 or more elastic cells so disposed as to 

 cause the s^omate to open in a moist 

 and close up in a dry state of the 

 atmosphere. They communicate with 

 intercellular cavities, and are obviously 

 designed to regulate evaporation and 

 respiration. They are chiefly found 

 upon leaves, especially on the under 

 surface. Some idea may be formed of 

 the vast number of stomata on a single 

 leaf by quoting from Baron Mueller's 

 account of the number per square inch 

 of a few of our Eucalypti (on the 

 under side only). Thus he says that in 

 B. microcorys (Tee, or now called 

 Tallowwood) they number 210,000 to 

 211,000; E. corymbosa (Bloodwood) 



