23 



Caf'sulb or Pod— (The latter is frequently 

 used when it is long and narrow, and 

 " capsule" or " pouch," when it is short 

 and thick or broad.) A dry dehiscent 

 seed-vessel. When ripe the pericarp 

 usually splits longitudinally into as 

 many or twice as many pieces, called 

 valves, as it contains cells or placentas. 

 If these valves separate at the line of 

 junction of the carpels — that is, along 

 the line of the placentas or dissepi- 

 ments, aither splitting them or leaving 

 them attached to the axis, the dehis- 

 cence is termed septicidal. If the valves 

 separate between the placentas or dis- 

 sepiments, the dehiscence is loculicidal, 

 and the valves either bear the placentas 

 or dissepiments along their middle line, 

 or leave them attached to the axis. 

 Sometimes, also, the capsule discharges 

 its seeds by slits, chinks, or pores, more 

 or lees regularly arranged, or burst 

 irregularly, or separate into two parts 

 by a horizontal line. In the latter case 

 it is said to be circumsciss. 



Caebona'oeous — Black, like charcoal. 



Caeob'bulus — A dry indehiscent many- 

 celled fruit, with few seeds in each cell ; 

 the cells cohering round a common style 

 placed in the axis, of which the fruits of 

 Tropceolum and Malva are examples. 



Caki'na — A keel. Cakina'tus, Cakina'tbd 

 — Keeled. 



OAKMrNATlVE — Having properties which 

 expel wind, promote perspiration, as 

 the common Spearmint. 



Cab'neus — Bale red, of a flesh colour. 

 Oa'bnosus — Fleshy. (See the flowers of 

 Pentas carnea, and leaves of Soya, 

 carnosa.) 



Cak'pbls, Cabpel'la— One of the subordi- 

 nate parts, whether free or pohering, 

 which compose the innermost of the 

 four sets or floral whorls, into which the 

 complete flower is separable. It bears 

 the same relation to the gynaeceum as 

 the sepals to the calyx, and the petal to 

 the corolla. Carpels are usually sessile ; 

 if stalked, their stalk is calledapoSocarp. 

 This stalk, upon which each separate 

 carpel is supported above the receptacle, 

 must not be confounded with the 

 gynobasis, upon which the whole pistil 

 is sometimes raised. Carpology is_that 

 part of botany which treats of fi'uits 

 and seeds. 



Cabpo'phoeb, Gtnophobb— Fruit-stalk 



Caepo'spobb — Spores produced (by con- 

 junction) in a sporo-carpium. 



CAETiLAGi'NEna, Caetila'ginous— Gristly, 

 oftheconsistenoe of cartilage or of parch- 

 ment. (See Blechnv/m cartilaginewm.) 



Oaeun'oula— A swollen fungus-like ex- 

 crescence on the surface of some seeds, 

 q,bout the hilum. Synonym for " Stro- 

 philole." (See the castor-oil seed.) 



Cabtop'sis, Caeiop'sis— A dry one-seeded 

 indehiscent fruit. The integuments of 

 the seed cohering inseparably with the 

 endocarpium, so that the two are undis- 

 tinguishable ; in the ovarium state 

 evincing its compound nature by the 

 presence of two or more stigmata, but 



nevertheless unilocular, and having but 

 one ovulum. The grains of Maize and 

 Wheat are examples. 



Cat'aplasm — A plaster or poultice. Plant 

 used for the purpose, as mustard, 

 ginticr, &c. 



Gataeeh'al — Of or belonging to a cold. 

 The gum of some Acacias is useful to 

 relieve colds. 



Cathae'tio — Purgative. 



Cat'kin — A peculiar form of spiked in- 

 florescence where the flowers are uni- 

 sexual, closely crowded, and the place 

 of each perianth is supplied merely by 

 abract. (See "Amenta.") Good examples 

 may be seen in the male inflorescence 

 of the Bunya, She- Pine, &c. 



Oau'da — A tail. CAUDA'ins — Tailed or tail- 

 pointed. Caudi'cula— An elastic ap- 

 pendage to the pollen masses of certain 

 orchids. 



Cac'dbx — The main trunk of the root ; also 

 the stem of palms and fern-trees. 



Oau'lis— A stalk or stem. Caules'cbnt, 

 Oaulbs'cens — Where a stalk is dis- 

 tinctly visible. Cauli'nab, Cahlina'eis, 

 Caulina'eius, Oauli'kus— Belonging 

 to the stem, or growing from it. 



Caulooar'pic, Caulooab'pous, Oaulo- 

 OAB'PBns, Gaulooae'pious — Terms used 

 for trees and shrubs whose woody stem 

 and branches do not die away, but 

 continue to bear flowers and fruit for a 

 succession of years. 



Cau'loid — Resembling or analogous to a 

 stem. 



Caustio'itt — Having a burning quality, as 

 the root of Plumbago rosea, 



Obll, Cbl'la, Cel'lula (A little cellar) — 

 Each of the vessicles of which the 

 cellular tissue is composed. It consists 

 of minute granules, containing nitrogen, 

 and coloured green under the action of 

 sunlight. These granules are most 

 abundant in the layers of cells immedi- 

 ately below the surface or epidermis of 

 leaves and young bark. The green 

 colouring matter is soluable in alcohol, 

 and may thus be removed from the 

 granules. 



Cell-Contents — The principal organised 

 contents of cells are sap, sugar, dex- 

 trine, starch or fecula, chlorophyll, 

 chromule, which see under their several 

 headings ; also wax, oils, camphor, and 

 resinous matter are common in cells or 

 in cavities in the tissue -between the 

 cells; also various mineral substances, 

 either in an amorphous state or as 

 microscopic crystals, when they are 

 called raphides. One of the gigantic 

 climbers of the North Queensland 

 scrubs receives the generic name of 

 Mhaphidophora, from the large number 

 of raphides contained in the cellular 

 tissue. They are also far too abundant 

 - in the fruit of Monstera deliciosa. 

 Cbl'lulah-Tissdb — An aggregation of 

 minute membranous vessicles of 

 various spheroidal or polygonal shapes, 

 filled with fluid, and of which the 

 main bulk of all vegetables is composed. 

 (See "Parenchyma," " Prosenchyma," 

 and " Vascular Tissue.") 



