18 



^oid'ium — In Uredinese ; sporocarp consist- 

 ing of a cup-shaped envelope (peridium) 

 and a hymenium occupying the bottom 

 of the cup — from the basidia of which 

 spores (aecidiospores) are serially and 

 successively abjointed. 



Ab'bial — Plants or parts of plants which 

 grow entirely above the surface of the 

 earth or water, as serophyte, sometimes 

 applied to plants found growing upon 

 the branches of trees. 



-(EEn'GiNOUs, ^RUGiNO'sDS — Resembling 

 the green rust of brass. 



.(Estiva'lis — Produced in summer. 



jEstiva'tion — The disposition of the parts 

 of a flower before expansion. 



Affi'nitt {Affinis, neighbouring)— When 

 the relation which plants or groups 

 of plants bear to each other is very 

 close, and depends upon some striking 

 resemblance between their most impor- 

 tant organs. Applied in contra-dis- 

 tinction to Analogy, where the resem- 

 blance, though it may at first appear 

 striking, lies between less important 

 organs. Thus the foliage of many 

 Dicotyledons resembles that of a grass. 



Aga'mo-hypnospoebs — Neutrally formed 

 resting 'spores. 



Aga'mospoee — Spore formed neutrally 

 without fecundation. 



Ao'AMa; — A name sometimes given to 

 cryptogams, resting on the supposition 

 that they are asexual plants. 



Agbbs'tks — Rural, applied to wild flowers, 

 whether indigenous or naturalised. 



Aqglombka'ted [AggJomero, to crowd 

 together) — Collected closely together 

 into a head or mass. 



Aq'ukegatk — Several bodies or organs in 

 'close juxtaposition. 



Aie-Cells — Cavities in the cellular tissue 

 which are sometimes irregular, but 

 often constructed with great beauty 

 and regularity in the form of hexagonal 

 prisms, &c. They are filled with air, 

 and in aquatics serve the purpose of 

 floating the stem and leaves to the sur- 

 face of the water. In terrestrial plants 

 they give some stems a spongy struc- 

 ture. (See "Rushes.") 



A'LA— A wing. AI.ATUS— Winged, as the 

 stem or seed. (See seed of any Gasua- 

 rina, the so-called oaks, and the foot- 

 stalks of the leaves of Wor7nia alata, a 

 Northern coast tree.) 



Alabas'teus or Alabas'teum— The flower- 

 bud. A name used by Pliny for the 

 Rose-bud. 



Albes'cbnt — Where any colour assumes a 

 pale tinge, or has a hoary appearance. 



Albu'men — A substance found in many 

 seeds, surrounding the embryo wholly 

 or in part, and affording nourishment 

 to the young plant during the earliest 

 stages of germination. It is of a 

 farinaceous, oily, or horny consistency. 



Alex'iphaemio— That which counteracts 

 poisons ; antidotal. It is said that 

 Maranta arundinacea received the 

 name " Arrowroot " because its rhi- 

 zomes were thought to possess the 

 power of extracting the poison from 

 ■wounda inflicted by poisoned arrows. 



Albotoeio'id — Filiform or filamentose, like 

 the thalus of the genus Alectoria. 



Albub'nitas — A tendency to remain like 

 alburnum. A disease of trees where 

 white rings of wood are interposed 

 among heart- wood. 



Aleuen'um — The sap-wood or outermost 

 layers of wood in exogenous trees, which 

 have not yet passed to the state of 

 duramen or heart-wood. 



Alli'ance — Synonym for "Cohors," asthe 

 Ranales, under which title are arranged 

 the several orders which are nearest 

 allies to the Manimculacew. 



Allia'obous — Possessing the odour of gar- 

 lic or onions. 



Allo'cheods — Changing from one colour 

 to another. 



Altee'natb — One above the other in dif- 

 ferent lines, as the leaves of many 

 plants, or between other organs, as the 

 stamens in respect to the petals, &o. 

 Altbenati'vds, Altbe'natus, Alteb'-. 



NUS. 



Altbb'nate — Theleavesof apeach-shootare 

 alternate upon the shoot. 



Alveola'bis, Alvb'olate— Studded with 

 cavities, somewhat resembling the cells 

 in a honeycomb. 



Al'vb'olus — A hollow vessel. 



Ama'bilis — Lovely. 



Am'adon — A soft leathery substance pre- 

 pared from species of Polyporus, and 

 used for economical and medical pur- 

 poses. The best is said to be prepared 

 from Polyporus, now called Formes 

 fomentajius, and F. igniarius — two 

 common Australian fungi. 



Am.ebo'id — Like an amseba — i.e., a small 

 portion of protoplasm exhibiting creep- 

 ing movement iby putting out and 

 drawing in pseudopodia. 



Ama'eus — Bitter. 



Ambeosi'acus — Possessing a strong scent. 

 For example, see the common weed 

 Chenopodium ambrosioides. 



A mbn'tum, Am'ent, or Catkin— Like the 

 male inflorescence of Conifers. 



Am'nios (a fcetal membrane) — A viscous 

 fluid which in some ovules surrounds 

 the embryo in the earliest state, and a 

 portion of which afterwards thickens 

 into the '* perisperm." 



Amok'phous — Without deflnite form. 



Amphigas'teium— A stipular appendage, 

 peculiar to certain Hepaticae, which 

 clasp and cover their stems. 



Amphisae'ca — A form of fruit having 

 many cells, containing many seeds, 

 superior, indehisoent; indurated or 

 woody externally, pulpy internally, of 

 which Adansonia is an example. 



Amphi'bious, Amphi'bius — Growing 

 equally in water and on dry land. 



Amphi'teopous— Half inverted. 'When 

 the ovule, being, as it were, attached 

 laterally, the cbalaza and foramen at 

 opposite ends of its straight or curved 

 axis are about equally distant from 

 the base or point of attachment, 



Amplex'icaul— Stem-clasping. When the 

 sessile base of the blade of a leaf, 

 stipule, or peduncle clasps the stem 

 horizontally. 



