314288 
148 FLORA OF WINNESHIEK’ COUNTY, 
, 
its fertility, however, varying with topography and plant-cover- 
ing, and with the consequent possibility of retaining the humus- 
laden surface soil. Alluvial tracts are not, for the most part, 
of great extent in the county, being limited by the narrow 
valleys. In the rougher parts sandy and rocky tracts are 
frequent. 
The investigations upon which this report is chiefly based 
were carried on largely during the spring, summer and fall of 
1903. Every township in the county was visited, and certain 
typical localities were more thoroughly studied. Thus Moneek 
and Ft. Atkinson were selected for the study of the flora of the 
rougher territory of the two principal river systems in the 
southern part of the county; the vicinity of Calmar for the 
southerly prairie, and Orleans township and Bluffton for that 
in the western part of the county; for the rougher wooded region 
the entire gorge of the Oneota was traversed a number of times 
across the county, Decorah, Bluffton and Kendallville being the 
main centers of investigation, while the hilly country bordering 
Canoe creek and Bear creek received some attention; and the 
vicinity of Hesper, with its woods and prairies, and unique 
exposures of St. Peter sandstone proved the richest and most 
interesting single locality in the county. 
The flora of this county had received some previous attention. 
Arthur’s ‘‘Flora of Iowa’’* contains numerous references to 
plants from this county, which are based, at least in large part, 
on material furnished by Mrs. M. C. Carter of Hesper, and Mr. 
K. W. D. Holway, formerly of Decorah; individual references 
are also made to Winneshiek county plants by a number of other 
authors who did not secure the material themselves, but received 
it from others—chiefly from Mrs. Carter, and Messrs. E. W. D. 
Holway, Herbert E. Goddard, Thos. E. Savage, Alois Kovarik, 
and EK. Orr.+ 
*Contributions to the Flora of Iowa, J. C. Arthur, 1876, with continuation, Nos II 
VI in the Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, Vols. III and IV 
{Such are the following: Ae ae 
Cerastium arvense var. oblongifoli i : i i 
To e ‘Bot Cin, Vor SEV, vi ifo umn, var., Hollick and Britton, Bull. . 
otes on the uatic —R. I. 7 5 . Hi 
State Univ ot pe aauati ai epeeama of Iowa,—R. I. Cratty, Bull Lab. Nat. Hist., 
An illustrated Flora, etc,, Britton and Brown. 8 Vols. , 1896-1898. 
Vol he Uyperaces of Towa, R.1. Cratty, Bull. Lab. Nat Hist , State Univ. of Towa, 
The lowa Pteridophyta, B. Shimek. ibid., Vol. V,, 1901 i Pgh a 
ryptogams of Iowa, — . Ta. - Bei. % 
Ix, 02 also reprint, as Cont. No, 20, Bot. Dap, Ta. B. Col. of A. and MA a ‘Bos Wal 
otany of the No. U. 8.,— Asa Gray, several e DB. 
Manual of the Flora of the U. S.,—N. L. Britten, ist ed., 1901, : and ed., 1905, 
