HISTORY 31 



tions for 1921 were $1,058,969.16, with a corresponding rev- 

 enue of $396,928.27. 



The sources of park revenue are four in number: taxes oh 

 concessions; public utilities, such as water, telephone, or 

 power systems; natural resources, i.e., sales of dead timber, 

 stone, hides of predatory animals, etc.; and automobile and 

 motorcycle permits. The system of taxing concessions varies 

 in the different parks. 



Tables of statistics showing appropriations for the several 

 parks and monuments are given in the Appendix. 



The Several Parks. In the pages that follow individual 

 sketches of the parks in the national system are given in some 

 detail. 



Yellowstone. The creation of the Yellowstone National 

 Park and the legislation authorizing the same have already 

 been referred to. For more than a decade after its creation 

 little was done for its protection or development. The ap- 

 propriations were not large, and the lack of support made it 

 impossible for the early superintendents to accomplish much 

 that was genuinely constructive. The first superintendent was 

 the Hon. N. P. Langford, who, as mentioned above, had been 

 a member of the Washburn-Doane expedition. He received 

 no salary, and his hands were so securely tied by lack of funds 

 and lack of means for enforcement of the regulations that he 

 was practically powerless. He was nevertheless severely criti- 

 cised for his administration. 



Civilian administration during these early years proving 

 unsatisfactory, the act of March 3, 1883 (22 Stat. L., 626) 

 made some radical changes. It provided for a civilian superin- 

 tendent and ten assistants, but the protection of the park was 

 entrusted to a detail of troops which the Secretary of the In- 

 terior was authorized to request of the Secretary of War, 

 and the development of roads and bridges was entrusted to 

 the Corps of Engineers of the Army. 



The act of August 4, 1886 (24 Stat. L., 240), by making no 



