ORDER LONGIPENNES. 35 



tion off New England; casual on the Pacific coast south to Cali- 

 fornia; accidental in Manitoba, Iowa, Illinois, and Florida. 



Family LARID^. Gulls and Teens. 



Subfamily LARIN^. Gulls. 



Genus PAGOPHILA ICaup. 



PagopUU Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesoh. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 69. Type, 

 by monotypy, Larus eburneus Phipps = L. albus Gunneeus. 



PagdpMla i,lba (Gunneeus). Ivory Gull. [39.] 



Larus albus Gunneeus, in Leem's Beskr. Finm. Lapper, 1767, 285 (note). 

 (Northern Norway.) 



Range. — Arctic seas. Breeds in high Arctic latitudes from Melville 

 Island and northern Baffin Land to northern Greenland, and on Arctic 

 islands of Eastern Hemisphere; winters in the Arctic regions and cas- 

 ually south to British Columbia, Lake Ontario, and Long Island; in 

 Europe south to France. 



Genus RISSA Stephens. 



Rissa Stephens, General Zoology, XIII, 1826, 180. Type, by monotypy, 

 Rissa brunnichii Stephens = Larus tridactylus Linn^us. 



Rissa trid&ctyla (Linn^us). 



Range.— Coasts and islands of the colder parts of the Northern 

 Hemisphere, south in winter to the Mediterranean, the Canaries, Ber- 

 muda, and Lower CaUfornia. 



a. Rissa tridactyla tiidactyla (Linn^us). Kittiwake. [40.] 



Laru^ tridactylus Linn.s;us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. (Great 

 Britain?) 



Range. — Arctic regions. Breeds from Wellington Channel and northern 

 Greenland south to Gulf of St. Lawrence, and from Arctic islands of Europe 

 and western Siberia to southern France; winters from Gulf of St. Lawrence 



