72 THE bbe-kbbpbr's guide ; 



Hauser's conclusions. So that we now know that the antennae, 

 in most insects at least, contain the organs of smell. Histo- 

 log'ically this apparatus is found to consist of nerves (Pig. 18, 

 n) which run from the brain to the antenna, and at the outer, 

 sensitive end, contain a cell (Fig. 19) with one or more nuclei. 

 These nerves may end in perforated, tooth-like hairs on the 

 antennK (Fig. 19, A, b, c, d) in pegs which have no chitinous 

 sheath, which push out from the bottom of pits — pori — which 

 exist often in great numbers in the antennae (Fig. 19, i, e,f.) 

 While Erichsou first discovered the pits (Fig. 19, p, I) in the 

 antennae, Burmeister discovered the sensitive, nerve-ending 

 hairs (Fig. 19, a, I, tn, d, h) at their bottom, and Leydig the 

 perforated pegs, or tooth-like hairs. We may state, then, that 

 the antennal organ of smell consists of a free or sunken hair- 

 like body which opens by a pore or canal to a many nucleated 

 ganglionic mass. We thus understand how the bee finds the 

 nectar, the fly the meat, and the drone and other male insects 

 their mates. Similar structures in and about the mouth are 

 proved by Kraepelin and L/ubbock to be organs of taste. Mr. 

 Cheshire speaks of small pits in the antennas which he regards 

 as organs of hearing. He gives, however, no proof of this, 

 and the pits that he describes are not at all ear-like in their 

 structure. Dr. Packard says that there is no proof that any 

 insects except crickets and locusts have real organs of hearing. 

 He here refers to the ear-like organs situated on the sides of 

 the body of these insects. Similar organs on the legs of the 

 katydid are also probably auditory. Dr. C. S. Minot, in review- ' 

 ing Graber's work, says that it has not been demonstrated that 

 even these tympanal organs are auditory, and adds that all 

 attempts to demonstrate the existence of an auditory organ in 

 insects has failed. There is little doubt but that this is a cor- 

 rect statement. That insects are conscious of vibrations which 

 with us cause sound, I think no observing person can doubt. 

 It is proved by the love-note of the katydid, the cicada and the 

 cricket. Every apiarist has noticed the effect of various 

 sounds made by the bees upon their comrades of the hive ; 

 and how contagious is the sharp note of anger, the low hum of 

 fear, and the pleasant tone of a new swarm as it commences 

 to enter its new home. Now, whether insects take note of 



