OR, MANUAI. OF THB apiary. 139 



secretion from them is acid, would rather argue that they, like 

 the racemose glands, were also digestive in their function. I 

 would suggest that we call the thoracic glands, the glands of 

 Ramdohr ; the racemose glands of the head, the glands of 

 Meckel, and the other glands of the head-glands of Siebold, in 

 compliment to the excellent work which has been done in their 

 study and elucidation ; while the glands at the base of the 

 mandibles may well be called, from their discoverer, Wolff's 

 glands. In studying the digestive organism we are greatly 



Fig. 60. 



•Taw of Worker showing Wolff's gland, after Wolff. 

 M Muscles. / Jaws. Q Gland. 



indebted to Schiemenz and Schonfeld, who have not only ex- 

 plained by use of beautiful illustrations the detailed anatomy 

 of the alimentary canal, but have been equally happy in 

 describing the wonderful physiology of digestion in bees. 

 Schonfeld, from a very elaborate series of experiments, con- 

 cludes that the theory of Schiemenz and v. Siebold is not cor- 

 rect. He thinks the lower head-glands secrete saliva which 

 moistens the pollen, and aids in digesting it. The fact that it 

 is acid adds force to the theory. They empty on the floor of 

 the mouth just where they should pour out the saliva. As the 

 queen and drones never eat pollen, but are fed by the workers, 

 they do not need these glands. Schonfeld thinks the larval 

 food is digested pollen, and he claims to have found this in the 

 true stomach of nurse-bees. Partially digested pollen he 

 terms chyme, which, just before the drone-larvae are to be 



