16 BIRD NAMES. [No. 6. 



this name being used in like manner on the Niagara by some of 

 the gunners, though applied more commonly there to No. 13. 



In Baltimore, the female is GRAY MALLARD, the marketmen 

 furnishing their patrons with three varieties of mallard, as fol- 

 lows : " green-head," " gray mallard," " black mallard," the last- 

 named variety being Anas ohscura, No. 7. The name " gray 

 mallard " is also commonly used (for No. 6) at "Washington, D. C, 

 and Alexandria, Va., though generally in these localities to in- 

 clude the full-plumaged drake as well. 



The species is several times referred to by Lewis and Clarke, 

 1814, as DUCKINMALLARD. If this word occurred but once it 

 might be considered a typographical error, but it certainly seems 

 to have been so printed intentionally. Old writers commonly 

 referred to this fowl as the " duck and mallard." Bartram, for 

 example, in his Travels through North and South Carolina, 

 etc., 1791, speaks of "the great wild duck, called duck and mal- 

 lard ;" not meaning duck or mallard (though, as previously stated, 

 the single word " duck " sometimes distinguishes this from all 

 other species) but duck and drake — mallard being derivatively 

 male. The above queer name is therefore believed to have grown 

 from this old custom. 



At Hudson's Bay, according to Fauna Boreali- Americana, 

 1831, STOCK DUCK; and we find the following in Bev. Charles 

 Swainson's Provincial Names of British Birds, 1885 : "MIRE 

 DUCK (Forfar);" "MOSS DUCK (Eenfrew, Aberdeen);" "MUIR 

 DUCK (Stirling) ;" and two names already mentioned, as follows : 

 "Gray Duck (Lancashire, Dumfries);" "Stock Duck (Orkney 

 Isles)." 



