CLASSIFICATION OF POISONS 



71 



(Arum maculatum), Wood Anemone (Anemone nemorosa), Cursed Crowfoot 

 (Ranunculus sceleratus), Buttercup (Ranunculus acris), Bouncing Betty (Sap- 

 onaria officinalis), Kinnikinnik (Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi), Sundew (Drosera 

 rohindi folia), Poison Ivy (Rhus Toxicodendron), Nettle (Urtica dioica U. 

 gracilis), Wood Nettle (Laportea canadensis), Bull Nettle (Jatropha stimu- 

 losa). 



SIMPLE IRRITANTS WHEN TAKEN IN LARGE QUANTITIES 



Symptoms. Burning pain in throat and stomach. Vomiting; purging; dif- 

 ficulty in swallowing. Recovery usual. 



Treatment. (Immediate:) 



EMETIC and STOMACH TUBE. TANNIN. 



Opium to relieve pain. 



Stimulants to counteract collapse. 



(Later:) 



Castor Oil. 



DEMULCENTS (swallowed and injected). 



Plants affording poisons that act as simple irritants when taken in large 

 quantities only: White Mustard (Brassica alba). Black Mustard (B. nigra). 

 Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Common Ginger (Zingiber officinalis), Cay- 

 enne Pepper (Capsicum annuum). 



TABLE OF SYMPTOMS OBSERVED AFTER THE ADMINISTRA- 

 TION OF POISONS, ADAPTED FROM CATTELL AFTER 

 THE WORK OF KOBERT. 



ACUTE SYMPTOMS PRESENT 



1. Death within a few sec- 



onds or minutes. 



2. Deep coma. 



3. Collapse. 



4. Feverish rise of tempera- 



ture. 



5. Mania; furious delirium; 



psychic excitement. 



6. Mental disturbance of the 



most diverse kind. 



7. Violent at times, tetanic 



convulsions. 



8. General paralysis, for the 



most part ascending. 



9. Dilation of the pupil. 



10. Contraction of the pupil. 



11. Aneurosis. 



12. Diplodia and ptosis. 



13. Conjunctivitis. 



WE SHOULD THINK OF 



Hydrocyanic acid; potassium cyanid; car- 

 bonic acid; carbolic acid. 



Alcohol ; morphin ; opium. 

 Nicotin; colchicin. 



Cocain ; enzymes. 



Chronic alcoholism; atropin; camphor; phy- 

 sostigmin; veratrin. 



Alcoholism; morphinism; cocainism; pella- 

 gra; ergotism. 



Strychnin ; toxin of tetanus ; cytisin ; cornu- 

 tin; picrotoxin; cicutoxin; active principle of 

 digitalis ; cocain ; santonin ; aconitin ; gelse- 

 min; filicic acid. 



Coniin; curarin; colchicin. 



Atropin; hyoscyamin; scopolamin; cocain; 

 ephedrin ; aconitin. 



Muscarin; pilocarpin; nicotin; codein; opi- 

 um; physostigmin. 



Quinin; extract of male fern; belladonna; 

 uraemic poisoning. 



Sausage (botulism) and fish poisoning. 



Irritating vapors; ethereal oil of mustard; 



