102 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS 



Probably poisonous, like the preceding. 



Juniperus sabina L. Swedish juniper. 



Poisonous, like the preceding species. Cultivated. 



Juniperus horizontalis Moench. American Savin. 



Poisonous, Canada to Minn., in swamps. 



Juniperus occidentalis Hook and vars. Red cedars. 



Common from the western slope of the Rocky Mountains westward. 



Sequoia sempervirens Endl. 



Redwood leaves are said to be poisonous. 



ANGIOSPERMAE 



Typhaceae. 

 Typha latifolia L. Common Cat-tail. 

 Said to be poisonous to cattle. 



MONOCOTYLEDONEAE. 



Alismaceae. 



Alisma Plantago-aquatica L. Water plantain. 



Recorded as being poisonous. Swamps. 



Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Large arrow head. 



The milky juice is somewhat bitter. The plant is edible, when cooked. 

 "The root stocks of several species of the genus are eaten by the Indians and in 

 ' China. Swamps. 



Gramineae. 



Zea Mays Gartn. Numerous cases of poisoning have been recorded from 

 the consuming of corn. This, however, is probably due to the production of a 

 ■poison from the growth of mould or bacteria. The feeding of large amounts of 

 dry fodder produces impaction of the stomach. 



Andropogon sorghum Brot. Sorghum. 



Second growth sorghum has frequently been reported as poisonous to live 

 istock ; this is due to the formation of HCN in the wilted leaves. Calamagrostis, 

 Milium and some other grasses contain the same substance. 



Setaria italica, Kunth. Millet. 



Both the German Millet and the Hungarian Grass are poisonous to horses, 

 acting especially on the kidneys. The poisoning is probably due to a glucoside. 



Stipa spartea Trin. Needle Grass, or Porcupine Grass. 



The sharp pointed callus often inflicts serious injuries; the fruits work 

 their way under the cuticle into the flesh of the animals, and in some instances 

 "they have even penetrated the intestines. 



Stipa comata Trin. Western needle grass. 



Somewhat injurious, like the preceding. West of Missouri River. 



Stipa robusta Vasey. Sleepy grass. 



This grass has been suspected of producing stupor in horses. Rocky Moun- 

 tains. Some species produce HCN. 



Avena sativa L. Common oats. 



The chaff of this grass sometimes produces balls in the stomachs of horses, 

 'known as phytobezoars. 



Avena fatua L. Wild oats. 



Common in a few counties in northern Iowa. Common in N. West., Cali- 



