IMPORTANT POISONOUS PLANTS 115 



Saxifragaceae. 



According to Greshoff several species of the genus Saxifraga of Europe 

 contain hydrocyanic acid. The order also contains the currant and goose- 

 berry which are well known food plants. 



Hydrangea arborescens L. Wild Hydrangea. 



Common in the Southern States and woods from Southern Iowa east- 

 ward to New York. According to Greshoff this species contains saponin ; hydro- 

 cyanic acid occurs in the well known ornamental plant H. Hortensia. 



Jamesia americana T. & G. Jamesia. 



This plant is widely distributed from New Mexico to Montana. The 

 leaves of this Rocky Mountain shrub contain hydrocyanic acid. 



Philadelphus grandiflorus Willd. and P. coronarius L. 



Mock Orange or Syringa. Natiye in the mountains from Virginia to Flor- 

 ida. The well known cultivated syringa contains saponin ; according to Gres- 

 hoff the Rocky Mountain P. microphyllus also contains saponin. 



Deutzia. Several species of Deutzia, as D. staminea, contain saponin. 



Chrysosplenium oppositifolium L. 



This plant contains some saponin and the C. teirandum Fries., is known 

 to be poisonous to sheep. 



Rosaceae. Rose Family. 



Fragaria vesca L. European Strawberry. 



Found on sand-stone and limestone rocks. In some people it produces 

 irritation of the stomach. 



Fragaria virginiana Mill. Wild Virginia Strawberry. 



Similar to the preceding. 



Fragaria chiloensis Duchesne. Cultivated Strawberry. 



Like the preceding. There are people who can not eat strawberries or 

 pick them without being irritated. 



Rosa arkansana Porter. Arkansas Rose. 



Widely distributed in the west, especially in prairie regions. Not poisonous, 

 but the bristles and prickles often enter the skin and produce serious inflam- 

 mation. Other species produce mechanical injuries. 



Rosa rubiginosa L. Sweetbriar. 



A frequent escape in pastures. The recurved spines and prickles are 

 injurious like those of the preceding species. 



Pyrus Aucuparia Meyer. Mountain Ash. 



The berries are poisonous to man, but not to birds. However, they are 

 readily disseminated by birds. 



Pyrus communis L. Pear. 

 Dt. Schaffner states that horses are reported to have been killed by eating 

 rotten pears. 



Nuttallia cerasiformis T. & G. Oso Berry. 



It is found in moist places and on north slopes in western U. S., and con- 

 tains amygdalin. It is poisonous. 



Gillenia stipulata (Muhl) Trel. Indian Physic. 



From New York to Kansas. This species and G. trifoliata, known as 

 Bowmen's Root, are said to contain a poisonous glucoside. 



Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim Queen of the meadow. 



