138 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS 



Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Boneset. 



Commonly found in low grounds and marshes. It is an emetic when given 

 in large doses. 



Eupatorium urticaefolium Reichard. White Snake-root 



Widely distributed in woods in this state. It is said to produce a disease 

 known as milk fever. No reports of this kind of poisoning have come to us in 

 Iowa. The E. cannabinum contains the alkaloid eupatorin and the glucoside 

 eupatorin. 



Trilisa odoratissima (Walt.) Cass. 



It is said to be injurious and has the odor of sweet clover. 



Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. Tar Weed. 



From Wisconsin, Iowa, westward and northward. Is said to be injurious. 

 The G. lanceolata Walt, occurs from Tennessee to Texas. It has large heads 

 and resinous viscid leaves. , 



Xanthisma texana D. C. 



It is said to be poisonous and contains saponin. Southward. 



Erigeron canadensis L. Horse Weed. 



It is a widely distributed troublesome weed in the north. The physiolog- 

 ical action of the drug obtained from this plant is to produce smarting of the 

 eyes, soreness of the throat, and prostration. 



Erigeron ramosus (Walt) B. S. P. White Weed. 



Common in meadows westward. The B. annuus of the same distribution 

 is found also in meadows. Both are regarded with suspicion. 



Baccharis halimifolia L. Salt Groundsel. 



The European B. cordifolia is said to be poisonous. It occurs in salt 

 marshes along the Atlantic sea coast. 



Solidago canadensis L. Golden-rod. 



It is widely distributed in the U. S., and is one of the most common of our 

 golden-rods. The golden-rods are generally regarded as harmless plants, but 

 in a few cases they are suspected of being poisonous. A disease of horses near 

 Black River Falls, Wisconsin, was attributed to a golden-rod. Chesnut thinks 

 the disease due to a rust on the plant. As a general thing stock does not relish 

 the golden-rod. 



Madia glomerata Hooker. Tarweed. 



A glandular viscid, heavily scented herb common from Saskatchewan to 

 Colorado, Utah, Oregon and Washington. Probably poisonous or at any rate 

 it is avoided by cattle. 



Hemizonia macradenia DC. Tarweed. 



Common on the Pacific Coast from San Francisco southward. A strongly 

 and unpleasantly scented herb avoided by stock. Many of the species of the 

 genus occur in California and most of them are strongly scented. 



Aster Parryi Gray. Woody Aster. 



Common in the Rocky Mountains, Utah and Wyoming. Thousands of sheep 

 in Wyoming where this plant occurs suffer with the disease which has been 

 attributed to "grub in the head." Healthy sheep often die within a very short 

 time after the first symptoms appear. This plant is affected with a fungus, 

 Puccinia xylorrhizae, and Prof. Aven Nelson suggests in his account of this 

 disease, "The chances are rather better that the suggested poisonous qualities 

 are due to the fungus. Some other parasitic fungi have been proven poisonous 



