320 THE PORTRAIT GALLERY 



Oxford friend, Thomas Loe. After an open rupture with his 

 father he entered upon an itinerant preaching journey, publish- 

 ing numerous treatises, of which his "Truth Exahed" and "The 

 Sandy Foundation Shaken" gave him a nation-wide notoriety. 

 This latter caused an eight months' imprisonment in the Tower 

 of London which stimulated his "No Cross, No Crown" and 

 "Innocency with Her Open Face," that made him immortal. 



Early in 1668 he enlisted the aid of the Duke of Buckingham 

 to introduce a bill into Parliament that would award justice to 

 the Quakers, but the stern commoners refused even to listen to 

 the measure. In 1670 he was again arrested for preaching in the 

 streets, and when the jury found him "Not Guilty" despite the 

 court's instructions, both the jury and prisoner were fined an-d 

 jailed for contempt. Appeal to higher authority established the 

 precedent for all time in English law that it is the right of the 

 jury independently to judge evidence regardless of the dictation 

 or direction of the court. 



On liberation Penn visited Hollan-d and Germany where he 

 made many converts, but it was not until 1681 when Charles II 

 issued the charter that confirmed his title to American lands, 

 that he found a home for the persecuted of his faith. Penn's 

 original title for the territory was New Wales, but, on objection 

 by the King, he adopted Sylvania, which the King overruled to 

 christen Pennsylvania. Organizations for emigration were estab- 

 lished, and with the aid of Algernon Sidney, a liberal scheme 

 of laws and government approved. In September, 1682, he 

 sailed for Newcastle on the Delaware, on board the tiny "Wel- 

 come," and selected the site of his capital at the juncture 

 of the Schuylkill and Delaware, a place called by the 

 Indians, "Coaquannoc," and by him Philadelphia. Under the 

 spreading elm at Schackamaxton (now part of Philadelphia), 

 he concluded his famous treaty with the Indians, which recog- 

 nized them as previously the rightful owners of the land. Penn's 



