64 INDEX TO THE FAMILIES AND SUB-FAMILIES. 



Haliaeius, Acdpiter, Milvus, Elanoides, Elanus, Pernis, Falco, 



and Pandion; the Harriers, Buzzards, Eagles, Hawks, Kites, 



Falcons, and Osprey. 173^198. 

 Fringillin^ — sub-family of Passerids (range 4J in. to 9 in.) ; 



remiges rarely more than 18 ; first primary obsolete or minute ; 



bill short and conical ; gape line straight or arched. Genera, 



Carduelis, Serinus, Ligurinus, Coccothraustes, Passer, Fringilla, 



IJnota, Pyrrhula, and Loxiaj the Finches, Sparrows, Linnets, 



Grosbeaks, and Crossbills. 87-108. 

 GlareoliDjE (range 85 in. to 9 in.) — four toes, two united ; bill 



short ; wings long ; legs short ; tail forked. Genus, Glareola; 



the Pratincole. 291. 

 GkuiDjE (range 39 in. to 48 in.) — four toes, two united ; bill long ; 



legs long, middle claw smooth. Genus, Grusj the Cranes. 285, 286. 

 Hirundinin^ — sub-family of Passerids (range 45 in. to BJ in.) ; 



nine primaries ; secondaries broad and notched ; wide bill ; short 



legs ; long wings ; forked tail. Genus, Hirundo j the Swallows 



and Martins. 81-84. 

 iBlDlDiE (range 21 in. to 22 in.) — four toes, three united as far as the 



claws ; bill long, slender and decurved, point rounded ; 27 remiges. 



Genus, Ibisj the Ibis. 215. 

 ICTERIN^ — sub-family of Passerida: (range 85 in. to 9 in.) ; glossy 



black with scarlet wing coverts. Genus, Agelcsus ; the Red-winged 



Starling. 119. 

 LANIIN.1E — sub-family of PasseridiE (range 7J in. to 9 in.) ; remiges 



19 ; first primary less than half as long as second ; bill short and 



deeply toothed ; two toes united. Genus, Lanius; the Shrikes and 



Woodchat. 73-76. 

 LariD/E (range 8^ in. to 33 in.) 



I. — Three toes, united as far as the claws ; wings long ; remiges 

 31; tail forked or square. Genus, Rissa; the Kittiwake. 367. 



II. — Four toes, three united and one webbed to tarsus ; bill short. 

 Genus, Pagophilaj the Ivory Gull. 368. 



III. — Four toes, three of them united as far as the claws, the fourth 

 very short. Genera, Hydrochelidon, Sterna, Anous, Xema, 

 Rhodostethia, and Larusj the Terns and Gulls. 241-366. 

 Meropid^ (range 10 in. to II in.) — remiges, 23 ; second primary 



longest ; four toes, three united, two as far as the second joint and two 



as far as the first; tail long. Genus, jT/^ra/jy the Bee-eaters. 154, 155. 

 MoTAClLLlN.iE— sub-family of PasseridEe (range 5^ in. to 8 in.) ; two 



toes united ; first primary obsolete or minute ; narrow, slender bill ; 



long legs ; long tail. Genera, Motacilla and Anthus; the Wagtails 



and Pipits. 60-71. 

 MusciCAPiN^— sub-family of Passeridae (range 5 in. to 5J in.) ; 



remiges 19 ; first primary less than half as long as second ; bill 



broad, fiat, and bristled at base. Genus, Muscicapaj the Fly- 

 catchers. 78-80. 

 CEdicnemidjE (range 16 in. to 17 in.) ; three toes united as far as 



the second joint ; remiges 29 ; Genus, CEdicnemusj the Stone 



Curlew. 290. 

 Oriolin.*; — sub-family of Passeridas (range 9 in. to 9J m.) ; golden 



yellow bird with black wings ; remiges often 20 ; first primary half 



as long as second. Genus, Oriolus; the Golden Oriole. 72 



