68 THE GENERA. 



Bernicla — bill much shorter than head. 223-226. 



Tarsus otherwise. 

 Mareca — bill much shorter than head. 242, 243. 

 Tadorna — wing shoulder white and knobbed. 233, 234. 

 Anas — tail wedge-shaped. 235, 236. 

 Lobe of hind toe well developed. 



1. Axillaries brown. 



2. Axillaries white. 



Axillaries brown. 

 CEdemia — bill tumid ; body colour black or brown, 256-258. 

 Clangula — nostrils in middle of bill ; 16 feathers in tail. 249, 250. 

 Harelda — bill tapering, laraellce exposed ; 14 feathers in tail, 



two middle ones very long. 251. 

 Cosnionetta — bill like that of a goose, lamellae hidden ; body gaily 

 striped and spotted ; 14 feathers in tail, which is much 

 graduated. 252. 



Axillaries white. 

 Fuligula — 244-248. 

 Ardeid^. (Plates xvii. xviii.) 



1. Bill much longer than head. 



Ardea — bill long and straight ; six powder down tracts ; 12 



tail feathers ; tarsus scutellate in front. 202-207. 

 Ardetta — bill slender and pointed ; four powder do^^n tracts ; 10 



tail feathers. 208. 

 Botaurus — bill higher than broad ; four powder down tracts ; 10 



tail feathers. 210,211. 



2. Bill about as long as head. 



Nycticorax — 12 tail feathers ; six powder down tracts ; tarsus 

 reticulate in front. 209. 

 Caprimulgid/e. (Plate x.) 



Caprimulgus — gaping bill with large rictal bristles. 141-143. 

 Certhiin^. (Plate vi.) 



Certhia — tail feathers pointed and stiff. 85. 



Tichodroma — tail feathers rounded and soft. 86. 

 Charadriid^. (Plate xxvi.) 



1. With three toes. 



2. With four toes. 

 Three toes. 



Bill longer than head. 

 Hamatopus — remiges 29. 303. 

 Bill shorter than head. 



Second primary longest ; middle toe very long. 

 Cursorius — tarsus long and slender, and scutellate back and front 

 292. 

 First primary longest. 



Inner secondaries much shorter than primaries. 

 Charadrius — tarsus reticulate ; tail feathers barred. 294, 295. 



Inner secondaries as long as primaries. 

 ^gialitis — tarsus reticulate. 297-300. 

 Eudromias — tarsus scutellate. 293. 

 Four toes. 



Axillaries black. 



