DOMESTICATED MAMMALS OF THE FARM III 
work on all of them, and as many types of each of them have 
been evolved as there were purposes to be served. Selection 
began with dogs, and has proceeded farthest with them. 
They have served the greatest variety of purposes. There 
are sledging dogs for the arctic fields, and turnspits for the 
tread mils, and bulldogs to guard the door, and shepherd dogs 
to guard the flocks, and besides these, and more numerous 
than all these, are the hunting dogs: for hunting was the 
occupation that dogs could best aid. There were developed, 
to meet the various conditions of the chase, harriers and 
beagles and pointers and setters and terriers, etc., and, to 
follow particular kinds of game, bloodhounds and foxhounds 
to run by smell, and greyhounds and staghounds to run by 
sight; and so on, dogs without end. The case is much 
simpler with the other mammals. Horses are bred mainly 
for speed or for draft, thothere are many kindsof horses, and 
ponies for children’s use besides. Cattle are bred mainly for 
beef or for milk production; sheep for mutton or for wool; 
pigs for lard or for bacon, etc. In the following study we 
shall have opportunity to study a number of the important 
breeds. Let us do it without forgetting that the reasons for 
their value to us have lain and yet lie in their natural history. 
Study 14. The Domesticated Mammals of the Farm 
The object of this study is an acquaintance with the live 
stock of the farm: their number, location, characteristics 
and uses. 
The program of work will consist of a trip to all the barns 
where domesticated mammals are kept: (1) a preliminary 
examination will be made of a typical representative of 
each species, andthen (2) a more detailed examination of the 
varieties of a few species. 
