TREES IN THE EARLY SUMMER LANDSCAPE 227 
that are to you pleasing. Also name the kinds of trees 
responsible for such effects. 
4. Comparison of well and ill-grown, unhealthy trees of 
any species as to the decorative values of their leafage. 
The record of the work may consist of: 
1. Comparative diagrams showing framework and out- 
line of: 
(a) Asingle specimen tree, growing alone, unpruned. 
(b) A clump of.several close-growing trees of the same 
kind, also unpruned, forming a unit mass of leafage. 
2. Comparative diagrams of leaf arrangement on a small 
undergrowth spray of such trees as elm, maple and larch. 
3. Indications (as footnotes to a photograph, or as 
explanations to a map, or otherwise, as preferred) of the 
character of foliage masses in the scenes studied, covering: 
(a) The kind of trees involved in each type. 
(b) Their height. 
(c) Relation of leafage to trunks, such, for efample, as 
the contrast in the white birch. 
(ad) Color of crowns (light or dark green, dull or shining, 
reactions to wind, etc.). 
(e) Texture (open or close, light or heavy and somber, 
etc.). 
(f) Form (mass outlines and spray relations, etc.), 
(g) Suited to a place in the foreground or in the back- 
ground; in the exposed or in the sheltered places; with 
reasons therefor. 
