ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER 87 



patch; virtually no white in wings or tail. For comparison with young of 

 Bachman's Warbler see under that species. Length (skin), 4.50; wing, 2.45; 

 tail, 1.90; bill, .40. 



Adult (J, Spring. — Upper parts olive-green tipped with grayish, except on 

 rump; an orange-brown crown-patch tipped with olive-green and gray; eye- 

 ring and a narrow line from bill to above eye, yellow or yellowish; tail exter- 

 nally olive-green, inner margin of inner vane of outer feathers often white- 

 edged; wings edged with olive-green, their bend yellow; underparts dusky 

 greenish yellow indistinctly streaked. 



Adult cJ, Fall. — Similar to above, but grayish tips to feathers above and 

 below longer, making the bird duskier. 



Young <S, Fall. — Similar to adult <? in Fall, but crown-patch very small or 

 entirely absent. 



Adult ?, Spring. — Similar to adult <? in Spring, but crown-patch smaller 

 or wanting. 



Adult 5, Fall. — Similar to adult $ in Spring, but grayish tips to feathers 

 above and below longer, making the bird duskier. 



Young 5, Pall. — Similar to adult ? in Fall, but crown-patch always ( ?) 

 absent. 



Nestling. — "Above dull olive, or grayish olive, becoming more olive-green- 

 ish or russet-olive on rump and upper tail-coverts; middle and greater wing- 

 coverts tipped, more or less distinctly, with paler olive or dull huffy; throat, 

 chest, sides of breast, sides and flanks pale brownish gray; tinged with dull 

 huffy, especially on chest; abdomen white; otherwise like adults, but without 

 trace of tawny-ochraceous on crown". (Ridgw.) 



General Distribution. — Eastern United States and northwestward 

 to Alaska. 



Summer Range. — Not uncommon breeder in Manitoba and 

 northwestward to Alaska, except coast region north to Cook 

 Inlet. Probably breeds locally and rarely in Wisconsin and occurs 

 sparingly east to New England; once found breeding at Brunswick, 

 Maine. There are no breeding records for Canada in Ontario or 

 eastward, though the species is a rare migrant from southern Ontario 

 to New Brunswick and south to the Gulf of Mexico. 



Winter Range. — Florida and Gulf coast, and rarely north to 

 Charleston, S. C. A specimen was taken January i, 1875, at Ijymi, 

 Massachusetts. 



Spring Migration. — This species winters in the south Atlantic 

 states as far north as southern South Carolina, but northward is so 

 rare east of the Allegheny mountains that its normal times of migra- 

 tion in the north Atlantic states cannot be stated with any degree of 

 accuracy. Some of the following data refer to the western races of 

 this bird. 



