APPENDIX. 75 



region; Grand Calumet river, with its interesting aquatic and marsli 

 vegetation, is accessible from either town. 



The New York, Chicago and St. Louis (Nickel Plate) railroad 

 passes through the same territory as the C. I. & L. as far as Ham- 

 mond, but has a station at Hegewisch (see P., F. W. & C. Ry.). The 

 country beyond Hammond has the beach lines and swamps as described 

 on other roads. The swamps and ancient dunes are well displayed at 

 Glen Park (30). West of Hobart {^^ is an interesting morainic island 

 in the lake plain. 



The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railway passes through 

 one of the most interesting districts about Chicago, and is the most 

 convenient route to the dune region. As far as Whiting this road runs 

 parallel to the P., F. W. & C. Ry. Beyond Whiting (17) are many 

 low sand ridges with pines and depressions with water lilies; farther 

 on are higher ridges with oaks (p. 62) and depressions with swamps 

 (p. 35) instead of pools; these types of vegetation can be well studied 

 at Pine(2.-^^. Miller (30) is a place of great interest, showing living 

 dunes and the rich aquatic and marsh vegetation of Grand Calumet 

 river (p. 41) to the north, the ancient dunes of the Tolleston beach, 

 Cassandra and tamarack swamps to the south and southeast. Dune 

 Park (35) is far the best place to study living dunes in all phases (p. 

 57); established dunes and undrained swamps are also well displayed 

 at this point. Chesterton (41) is, all things considered, the most inter- 

 esting place in the vicinity of Chicago, since it shows types of nearly 

 all plant societies discussed in this paper; all phases of the river series 

 from the ravine to the flood plain; all stages from pond to prairie; 

 all types of dune activity, past and present; and morainic forests. 

 Spring brooks are best shown at this point, also the beech-maple 

 forests. 



The Michigan Central railway diverges from the L C. R. R. at 

 Kensington (13), passes across the swamps and prairies associated with 

 Lake Calumet, crosses an oak ridge and Little Calumet river. Beyond 

 Hammond (20) are the numerous swamps and ridges as described 

 above. At Tolleston (29) the Tolleston beach is finely displayed 

 (p. 62), and a remarkably sharp transition is shown between this 

 ancient line of dunes and the broad marshes associated with the Little 

 Calumet river (p. 41). At Lake (35) the Calumet beach and Deep 

 river are interesting fields for study; the railroad follows the beach 

 line for a number of miles. Porter (44) corresponds with Chesterton 



