EUPHORBIACE^. 119 



ef trees and shrubs from the same country, have nearly the same 

 female flowers, but they are apetalous and without a disk, and like the 

 leaves disposed in true verticils, one flower being found in the axil of 

 each of the latter. Fontainea is also South Caledonian. It is a shrub 

 with flowers nearly like those of Alphandia, with a sacciform valvate 

 calyx, scarcely dentate at the summit, then splitting lengthwise ; but 

 the fruit is a drupe with osseous stone, generally reduced to one mono- 

 spermous cell. The fruit is also drupaceous and monospermous in 

 Givotia, an Indian tree having imbricated sepals and petals like those 

 of Codiceum. ■ Baliospermum, consisting of herbs and shrubs from 

 the warm regions of Asia and Oceania, have several cells to their 

 capsular dehiscent fruit, but the flowers (of Codiceum) are apetalous, 

 with imbricated calyx. Sumbavia^ formed of Indian and Javanese 

 trees, have, on the contrary, small petals in the female flower. The 

 calyx of the latter is valvate or slightly imbricated, and that of the 

 male clearly valvate. The flower is nearly the same as that of Givotia, 

 but the fruit is said to be capsular and three-shelled. It is the same 

 with that oi Echinus, better known under the name oi Bottler a, belpng- 

 ing to all the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the Old "World. The 

 flowers are apetalous, the calyx being valvate. The stamens are 

 introrse, extrorse, or with lateral dehiscence ; in the middle a rudi- 

 ment of gynseceum is sometimes observed. Cheilosa, of which only 

 one Javanese species is known, is almost the same as Echinus, but 

 the calyx is sometimes more or less imbricated instead of being 

 valvate, and the several organs surrounded by a disk ; the male 

 flower is said to possess a rudimentary gynseceum. Epiprinus, consist- 

 ing of trees from Malacca, have also a valvate calyx but without corolla, 

 and with an indefinite number of stamens surroundiag a rudiment of 

 gynseceum ; but each of the female flowers is surrounded by a calci- 

 form involucre whose folioles persist and are accrescent round the 

 fruit ; a small group has been made of them, Epiprinece. 



In the 'Garciece, the calyx is valvate, breaking unequally at 

 anthesis ; but the petals are more numerous than the divisions. 

 It is so in Garcia, a tree from the warm regions of America. Cro- 

 tonogyne, from tropical Western Africa, presents the same pecu- 

 liarity in the male corolla, but the petals are only five in the female 

 flowers, and the seeds have a micropylar aril which is wanting in 

 Garcia. The glands of the disk are distinct, while in those of 

 Garcia the receptacle is covered with an unequal glandular layer. 



