298 NATUMAL HISTORY OF PLANTS. 



masses, burnt in tlie temples; The resin Alouehi or Aracouchili, ob- 

 tained by incision in Guiana from the B. AracoucMli^ is kept fluid 

 for a longer time ; a balm is prepared from it serving for the treat- 

 ment of sores, and also employed as a cosmetic. There are a dozen 

 species of Idea cited as yielding useful products, but their specific 

 autonomy is often far from being proyed.^ The Canariums of the 

 old world are in the same case. C. mawitianum ^ furnishes a resin 

 with an odour of turpentine and camphor, the bastard Colophane of 

 Madagascar ; the Gum Carana of Amboyna is attributed to C. Syl- 

 vestre ;* the resin of New Guinea with the odour of Elemi to C. zephy- 

 rinum.^ In India and Java C. commune,^ whose green fruits are 

 purgative, gives by incision an oleo-resinous''' juice having, it is said, 

 the same properties as that of Copaifera. The Garuga pinnata^ of 

 India is used for tanning skins, as are a large number of Anacar- 

 dieos? Amongst these, the Sumachs are the best known in this 

 respect, especially the Tanning Sumach of the curriers [Rhus eori- 

 m-ia,^° and the Yirginian S. {E. typMnum^^). The first grows 

 wild in the Mediterranean region, in dry warm and stony places ; 

 its leaves reduced to powder are employed for tanning and dyeing, 

 whilst its flattened acid and astringent fruits were formerly used as 

 a condiment. The latter is a native of North America, but is cul- 

 tivated in our parks and gardens ; it is used, though less often, for 

 the same purposes as the former. The fruit is acid and astringent, 



— /. enneandra Aubl. ? — Protium decandrum resinous juice used, are C. bengalense Eoxb. 



'HL/i.-Rcs.. Yo. Adansonia, -vm. b\. Pimela K<em. strieium Koxe. Legitimum Miq. 



* Aubl. Quian. i. 345, t. 133. — GuiE. op, cit. {I)am-mara nigra legitima Humph, loe. cif, t. 

 iii. 531. — LiNDL. Fl. Med. 172. — /. heterophylla 53). Voy. Eosbnth. op. cit. 866. 



DO. Prodr. ii. 77, n. 2. — Amyris heterophylla s RoxB. PI. Coromand. w.. t. 3 OS. 



W. Spec. ii. 335. — Protium Araeotiehili March. » Elaphrium, joined to Sursera as a seo- 



in Adanaonia, viii. 51. tion, yields in Mexico and the neighbour- 



^ EosENTH. op. cit. 863-865. ing regions, the odorous stimulant Copals and 



3 Colophonia maiiritiana Commees. (ex DC. Elemis, employed as medicines and perfumes. 



Prodr. ii. 79). — Buraera paniculata Lamk. Piet. Such, are; E. eUmiferum Eoyl. (Man. Mat. 



ii. 768 {Gommart panicule). Med. 1747); E. tomenlosmn Jacq. {Am. 105, t. 



* Gmrtth. Fruct. ii. 99, t. 102. — DC. Prodr. 71 ; — Nees et Eberm. Handb. iii. 130 ; — Lindl. 

 ii. 2. — Camacoan Eumph. Herb. Amboin. ii. t. 49. Fl. Med. 173), which yields a Tacamahac ; the 



s Var. (?) du C. commune (DC). — Canary P. tnmentosum H. B. K. producing a reddish 



Parat Eumph. loc. cit. t. 48. T. and the Acetillo of the Mexicans ( B, Acetillo 



« L. Mantiss. 127.— DC. Prodr. ii. 79, n. 1. Handb.). 



— GuiB. op. cit. iii. 521. — Eosenth. op. cit. 866. i" L. Spec. 379. — Duham. Arbr. ed. 2, ii. t. 



— LiNDL. Fl. Med. 170. — Kcen. in Ann. Bot. i. 46. — Ludw. Ect. t. 122. — DC. Prodr. ii. 67, n. 



260, t. 7. — Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 137.— March. 4.— Gtjib. op. cit. iii. 486.— Guen. et Gode. Fl. 



loc. cit. 53. — Amyris zeylanica Eetz. Obs. iv. 25. de Fr. i. 340 {Roux, Corroyere, Vinaigrier). 



— Balsamodendron z,ylanicum DC. Prodr. H. 76. " L. Spec. 380. — Duham. loc. cit. t. 4.7. 



7 This is said to he the Elemi of Eastern Guib. loc. cit. 187. — March. Anacard. 145. 



India. The other tpecies of Canarium with Eosexth. op. cit. 851. 



