TEREBINTHACE^. 801 



.particularly R. semialata'^ and. j'aponica Sieb. produce under tlie in- 

 fluence of tlie puncture of the plant-louse, false galls, called CMna 

 galls, or Ou-poey-tse,^ which for some years past have been brought 

 in abundance to Europe, and, being rich in tannin, are sought after 

 in commerce, and might be used in medicine for the same purposes as 

 catechus, gambirs, etc. ; they seem to result from the monstrous deve- 

 lopment of an irritated bud, and take variable forms — a hollow club, 

 a fan, an elk horn, etc. Their nearly cornate translucent wall is 

 usually covered externally with a velvet-like down, and inwardly 

 with a large layer of cretaceous appearance containing the remains 

 of insects. The Pistachias are the best known by us of .the useful 

 AnacardiecB, principally the true P. the P. lenticus and Terehinthus? To 

 this last ought perhaps to be attached as a variety of P. atlantica^^ 

 the species being particularly celebrated for the production of the 

 Terehinthus of Chios. It is also from this island that the most 

 esteemed turpentine comes. In the living tree, growing spon- 

 taneously in the Levant, and as much north as south of the mediter- 

 ranean region, it is a resinous juice exuding during the warm 

 season from the clefts of the bark ; but a much more abundant product 

 is obtained by making incisions in the spring ; and the substance 

 collected and thickened on flat stones placed round the foot of the 

 tree, is gathered in the morning, during the whole summer. This 

 turpentine, greyish or greenish yellow, having but little odour when 

 exposed to the air, with a perfumed savour, is rare and dear, for the 

 largest Terehinthus only yields small quantities each year (from half a 

 pound to a pound) ; it has the general properties of this kind of oleo- 

 resins, being aromatic, stimulant, astringent, vulnerary, diuretic ; it 

 forms part of theriac. Solidified by contact with the air, and that often 

 on the bark of the tree, it constitutes the hard Terebinth resin used 

 as a masticatory in the East. The same tree produces accidentally 



1 McKB. Conrn. Gatt. vi. 27, t. S.—R. Amela fig. 69.— MoQ. Bot. M4d. 357. — Eosekth. Syn. 

 Don, Prodi: Fl. Nepal. 248 f Plant. Biaph. 846.— March. Anacard. 101, 146, 



2 GtriB. op. eit. iii. 601, fig. 712-717. Decaine t. Z.—P. Khinjuk Stock, in Sook. Kew Journ. 

 has wrongly ascribed these galls to Destyli'xm iv. 143 (ex Makch.).— ? P. eaiulica Stock, loc. 

 I'ccemoswm oi 3a,-pa,-a. <"'• — -?• ehinemis Bob. in Mem. Sav. tltr. 



3 Pistacia Terebinthm L. ^pec. 145-5. — Ddham. PStersb. ii. 89. — P. muiica Fisch. et Mey. in 

 Arbr. ed. 1, ii.'t. 87. — Blackw. Herb. t. 478. — Pull. Mosc. xii. 338 (ex Makch. loc. cit. 103). 

 DC. Prodr. ii. 64, n. 2. — Mek. et Del. Diet. — ? P. palastina Boiss. Piagn. PI. Or. ix. t. 1 

 Mat. Mid. v. 351.— Endl. Enchirid. 600. — (ex Mar^h.). — Terebinthm vulgaris Cup. S. 

 GuiB. Drag. Simpl. ed. 6, iii. 496.— Lindl. Fl. Cath. t. 110. 



Med. 288 ; Veg. Kingd. 466.— A. EicH. EUin. * Desf. Fl. Atl. ii. 364.— DC. Prodr. n. 3.— 



ed. 4, ii. 339. — Nees, PI. Med. iii. t. 352. — GviB. op. cit. iii. 496. — Likdl. Veg. Kingd. 465, 

 Peueiba, Mem. Mat. Med. ed. 4, ii. p. ii. -375, fig. 324.— Rosekth. Syn. Plant. Piaphor. 847. 



