ii6 Through the Brazilian Wilderness 



doubtless very old residents — have changed their breed- 

 ing season, is rendered probable by the fact that it con- 

 forms so exactly in the time of its antler growth to the 

 universal rule which obtains in the great arctogeal realm, 

 where deer of many species abound and where the fossil 

 forms show that they have long existed. The marsh- 

 deer, which has diverged much further from the northern 

 type than this bush deer (its horns show a likeness to 

 those of a blacktail), often keeps its antlers until June 

 or July, although it begins to grow them again in Au- 

 gust ; however, too much stress must not be laid on this 

 fact, inasmuch as the wapiti and the cow caribou both 

 keep their antlers until spring. The specialization of the 

 marsh-deer, by the way, is further shown in its hoofs, 

 which, thanks to its semiaquatic mode of life, have grown 

 long, like those of such African swamp antelopes as the 

 lechwe and situtunga. 



Miller, when we presented the monkeys to him, told 

 us that the females both of these monkeys and of the 

 howlers themselves took care of the young, the males not 

 assisting them, and moreover that when the young one 

 was a male he had always found the mother keeping by 

 herself, away from the old males. On the other hand, 

 among the marmosets he found the fathers taking as 

 much care of the young as the mothers; if the mother 

 had twins, the father would usually carry one, and some- 

 times both, around with him. 



After we had been out four hours our camaradas got 

 lost; three several times they travelled round in a com- 

 plete circle ; and we had to set them right with the com- 

 pass. About noon the rain, which had been falling almost 



