4-8 BRITISH GALLS 



tkemis cotula and A. arvefisis), causing elongation of the 

 receptacle, with an ovoid cavity within. Apion laevigatum 

 also causes a similar gall on the latter. 



Amongst the Polygonaceae various Docks are frequently 

 attacked by members of the genus Apion. Four species 

 attack the Sorrel Dock (i?. Acetosa) — namely, A. affine, 

 violaceum, frumentarium, and humile, causing pronounced 

 fusiform swellings on the stems and petioles. 



Fig. 6 — Shoot of Ulex furopaeus with Ovoid Gall of Apion scutel- 



lare. (i/i.) 

 Fig. 7 — Section of same, showing the Central Cavity and the 



Exit Burrow, (i/i.) 



Two or three species of Anthonomus attack the flower 

 buds in Pyrus, otherwise the order Rosaceae is remarkably 

 free from attacks of gall-causing beetles. 



Miarus campanulae attacks various species of Campanula ; 

 the larvae infest the seed capsules, and cause great hyper- 

 trophy. 



Many representatives of the Scrophulariaceae are attacked 

 by beetles belonging to the genus Mecinus. The root and 

 base of stem of the Common Toadflax produce yellowish 

 fleshy galls of the shape and size of a pea, containing the 

 larvae of M. collinus, a rare insect, occurring only in the 



