MOTH GALLS 



57 



GrapholUha Servilkana attacks various species of Willow. 

 The larvae burrow into the older branches, avoiding the one- 

 year shoots. Fusiform swellings from lo to 20 mm. long, 

 and from 5 to 8 mm. broad arise. The exit is situated in 

 the lower part of the elongated central cavity. 



The following records of lepidopterous gall-causers are 

 taken from Houard's " Zooc^cidies " : 



Epibkma luctuosana Dup. : Causes swollen nodes, each 

 10 by 4 mm. in Centaurea nemoralis Jordan. British ? 



Galechia mulinella Zell. : Causes woody swellings, 20 by 

 15 mm. in the roots of Bartsia aspera Lange. British ? 



8 9 



Fig. 8— Willow Stems galled by Larvae of GraphoUtha Servil- 

 kana. (i/i.) 

 Fig. 9 — Section showing the Larval Cavity, (i/i.) 



Cynaeda dentalis SchifF. : Causes swellings with nodular 

 surface on the midrib of the radical leaves of an Alkanet 

 {Anchusa, sp.). British ? 



Houard also alludes to a gall caused by Sesia formicaeformis 

 Esper on the Common Osier {Salix viminalis). It consists of 

 a more or less rounded and woody excrescence involving 

 the entire circumference of a branch, and containing a 

 large central cavity. It is given as a very doubtful record. 

 I am not aware of any records of galls in British Willows 



