172 BRITISH GALLS 



Hymen- Appearing below buds on the twigs and branches. Gall 

 optera spherical, 12 to 23 mm. in diameter, at first green, then 

 yellow, finally brown, often sprinkled with little nodosities. 

 Its parenchyma is yellowish-brown, firm, but easily cut 

 with a knife. It appears from the side of a bud which 

 remains intact. Solitary, gregarious or coalescent. Imago 

 appears in August or September. Said (by Beyerinck) to 

 be the alternate generation of Andricus circulans. (Text, 

 Fig. 4.) 



Cynips Kollari Hartig 271, 272 

 Connold, Oak Galls, pis. 35-39; Plant Galls, fig. 190. 

 Adler and Straton, Alternating Generations, p. 163. 

 Houard, Nos. 1248, 1263. 



,, Cupule aflfected. Gall the shape of a truncated cone, 



15 to 20 mm. high, fixed to the cupule by a broad base 

 25 mm. in diameter ; substance woody, coloured like the 

 cupule. Its surface is marked with 5 to 8 keels, often inter- 

 rupted by depressions; those at the apex surround a 

 circular hole giving access to a chamber — below which is 

 another cavity, entirely closed, containing the internal 

 gall and larva. Imago, February or March, II. This gall 

 has been recorded from Jersey, Channel Islands, but not 

 from the United Kingdom. 



Cynips calicis Burgsdorff 273 

 Connold, Oak Galls, pi. 61 ; Plant Galls, fig. 344. 

 Houard, No. 1180. 



„ Acorn attacked. Membrane slightly swollen, several 



little rounded galls within. Sometimes the development 

 of the acorn is arrested, and it scarcely appears above the 

 cupule. M. G. Imago in spring, I., II., III., IV. 



Callirhytisglandium Giraud 274 

 Syn. Andricus glandium Giraud ; Andricus rufescens 

 Mayr. 

 Connold, Oak Galls, pi. 9. Houard, No. 1 168. 



III. Agents other than Cynipidae 



Lepidop- Woody nodosities in young branches and shoots, 

 tera Pammene splendidulana Guen^e 275 



Syn. Coccyx splendidulana Entom. Syn. List 

 Houard, No. 1303. 



