FAMILY, I— PERCID^. 11 



18. Serranus s&impimctatus, D. ii, A. f . The serrations on tlie preopercle are fine. Caudal rounded. 

 Body -witli six, or seven broad cross bands ; bead, and fins only are spotted. Pondicberry, to 1 foot iu lengtb. 



19. SerramMS swrnnuma, D. -jy-Vg-, A. f . Canine teetb small. Preopercle serrated, witb a sbaUow notcb 

 above its angle. Second anal spiue longest and strongest : caudal rounded. Brown, body, and vertical fins 

 covered witb sma-11, round, wbite dots. Scarcely any spots on tbe bead : a black streak above tbe maxilla. 

 Red Sea, East coast of Africa, and Andaman Islands, wbere it is very common. 



20. 8erromMS dm-mochi/rus, D. W, A. f , appears to be a variety of tbe last species. Malabar. 



21. Serranus morrhua, D. W, A. f , L. r. -fia, L. tr. 21/46. Preopercle witb tbree strong teetb at its 

 angle. Caudal rounded. Greenisb-olive, becoming dull yellow on tbe abdomen ; several irregular bluisb-wbite 

 bands radiate from tbe orbit, or exist on tbe bead, wbUst otbers are seen on tbe body. Red Sea, seas of India 

 to Japan. 



22. Serrmms cmgularis, D. xi-Vg-j -^- h C^c. pyl. 13-14. Tbree strong denticulations at tbe angle of 

 preopercle. Caudal lunate. Greyisb, bead and body, covered witb large closely-set yeUow spots. Pins spotted, 

 all, except tbe pectoral, witb black wbite-edged margins. Andamans. 



23. Serrmms fusooguttatus, D. xf-Vn -^- f> L. r. ^-^, L. tr. 22/56. Canine teetb feeble in tbe upper and 

 not apparent in tbe lower jaw. Vertical limb of preopercle ratber strongly serrated, but more coarsely at its 

 angle : tbird anal spine longest, but not so strong as tbe second : caudal rounded. Greyisb, witb brown spots 

 of a larger or smaller size irregularly disposed. East coast of Africa : Andaman Islands. 



24. S&rrmms grammims, D. W, A. f, L. r. \%%, L. tr. 1 7/44. Preopercle serrated, more coarsely at its 

 angle. Caudal fin cut nearly square. Greyisb, witb tbree narrow black bands ; tbe superior passes from tbe 

 upper edge of tbe orbit to tbe last dorsal spine ; tbe second from tbe upper tbird of tbe orbit over tbe superior 

 opercular spiue to tbe base of tbe sixtb dorsal ray ;- and tbe third from tbe lower edge of tbe orbit to below tbe 

 middle opercular spine, and on to tbe upper tbird of tbe caudal fin, wbere it takes the form of rounded blotches. 

 Dorsal fin. witb a row of black spots along its centre, and edged with black ; anal, and caudal edged with black, 

 the latter with numerous black spots. Madras, to at least 15 inches in length. 



25. Serranus hoenach, D. -ys-Te^ A. J^, L. r. 95, L. tr. 22/43. Preopercle most coarsely serrated at its 

 angle. Caudal rounded. Yellowish-brown : snout pale blue : lips, and throat spotted witb a darker blue : and 

 about five fillets of the same colour diverge from the orbit and, cross the opercles. Tortuous blue lines along 

 the body. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago, and China. 



26. Serrmms mwdatus, D. tts-ts, -^- i-To; L. r. UJ, L. tr. 14/40, Caec. pyl. 12 (Madras) to 16 (Andamans). 

 Sub- and inter-opercles serrated, as is also the "vertical limb of the preopercle: opercle, witb three spiues, the 

 upper the shortest. Caudal rounded. Scarlet : body, cheeks, dorsal, caudal, and anal fins covered with large 

 blue spots. Two dark streaks from tbe orbit along- tbe snout: fins darkest at their outer edges. Two rows of 

 large blue spots along the hard dorsal, and six or eight over the soft, and the anal. Madras, Andamans, to the 

 Malay Archipelago. 



27. SerramMS guttatus, D. Ts-Tg"' -^- 's-i"' L- ^- iMi ^- ^^- 21/43, Case. pyl. 8. Preopercle not emargiuate : 

 edge very slightly if at aU serrated. Brownish-black, bead, body, and aU the fins with round blue black-edged 

 spots, caudal, anal, and the posterior half of the dorsal with a white edge. Red Sea, seas of India to tbe Malay 

 Archipelago, Chiua, and Australia. 



28. Serranus leopardus, D. i-s?Tr, A. -g^-g, L. r. |-§, L. tr'. 10/26. Reddish or yellowish : body spotted : 

 a dark band from the eye to the opercle : one or two more over the free portion of tbe taU, and an oblique black 

 band across either caudal lobe. Red Sea, through the seas of India to Chiua. 



29. Serrcmus Sotmerati, D. 3^, A. f, L. r.^ff, L. tr. 27/40,' Csec. pyl. 11 or 12. Vertical limb of pre- 

 opercle finely serrated : caudal rounded. A dull lake colour, the head, and jaws covered witb reticulated 

 bright blue lines. Some very indistiuct spots over the whole of tbe body. Fins lake colour, darkest at tbe 

 edges. Soft dorsal, anal, and caudal sometimes with lightish badly-marked spots. East coast of Africa, seas of 

 India to Sumatra, and the Louisiade Archipelago. 



30. Serrmms Boelcmg, D. j^, A. -gig, L. r. |-|, L. tr. 18/36. Preopercle rounded, and its vertical border 

 finely serrated. Purplish, witb eight or nine vertical bands on the body. Bast coast of Africa, Andamans to 

 the Malay Archipelago. 



1. Serranus StoliczksB, Plate I, fig. 3. 

 B. vii, D. ii, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. ^?^, C. 17, L. r. iU, L. tr- 14/40. 



Length of bead, 3/11 to 2/7, of caudal 2/11 to 1/6, height of body 2/7 to 1/4 of tbe total lengtb. ^yes- 

 diameter 1/4 to 2/9 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout and also apart. The maxilla extends to 

 below tbe posterior 1/3 or bind edge of the eye. Vertical border of the preopercle emargiuate, rather coarsely 

 serrated most so at its angle, its lower limb, sub- and inter-opercles entire. Teeth — -canines in both jaws, tbe 

 outer row in the maxilla and the inner in the mandible larger than tbe villiform bands. Fins — dorsal spines, 

 excluding the two first, of about equal lengtb, and from two-fifths to half the height of tbe body : pectoral as 

 long as tbe head behind tbe middle of the orbit, and much longer than the ventral which reaches the vent : 

 second anal spine strongest, the tbird somewhat the longest, equalling the third of the dorsal fin : caudal 

 rounded. Scales — cycloid, extended over snout, suborbitals and hind half of maxilla. Colours — light brownisb- 

 red, becoming byacintb-red on the sides and below, barred witb four vertical darker bands, the anterior 

 proceeding from tbe whole base of the spinous dorsal, these bands become indistinct in large specimens. 



C 2 



