FAMILY, I— PERCID^. qq 



Z'ove heetehan, Tain. (Madras) : Keelputa, Tel. : Keetchan, Tarn, and Mai. 



B. vi, D. iL^^ P. 15, V. 1/5, A. J^, C. 17, L. 1. 90-100, L. tr. 13-14/24, Ceeo. pyl. 7, Vert. 10/13 



• 1 J^®""! *^ °^^^f f. ^/^ *° ^*' °^ •'^'''^^^ 1/^' ^^^g^* °^ ^°^7 1/4 in the total length. ^«es-diameter 3i to S- 

 m length of head 1 diameter from end of snout, and 2/3 of a'diameter apart. The maxilll reaS to below thi 



^W^L ifwl'h'-"^'*- P-°P\-l^-it\fi- .- ^if strong denticltions on its verticaT^^b tSeconI 

 above the lowest being generaUy the largest, whilst the two inferior are larger than the superior ones the 

 s^W«T>. ^'%'^'° 7."*T"^ along its horizontal limb. Sub- and inter-opercles entire. OpS ^th'two 

 sCl-l ^ ^^erior the longest and strongest, and about equal to the largest of those on the prCpercTe 

 Shoulder-bone serrated (or crenulated), as is also the one in the axilla but more Itrongly so. TeeiA-S^ in 

 the jaws with an outer enlarged row, rudimentary ones present on the vomer and palate in the young but 1^ as 

 age advances, ^^»s-dorsal spines rather slender, th^ fourth to the sixth about equal and the lolgest higher 



S« JY^^' ^"'r.Tf- 1° ''^°t K^ °n *^^ ^^^^^* °^ *^^ '^°^y' fr°^ ^^^^°^ *W decrease to the ifst but^one 

 the last being a little higher. Pectoral as long as the head behind the middle of the eye. Second anal spine a 

 httle shorter than the third which equals from 1/2 to 4/9 the height of the body : caudal emarginate. Oo'o^s- 

 greyish,withthreeorfourongitudinal straight blackish-brown bands : spinous portion of doSal in its u^per 

 three quarters blackish between the thn-d or fourth and seventh or eighth spines. Two oblique bands pass 

 across the upper caudal lobe, and one, sometimes two, across its lower one. The young are simUar to the adult 

 except that they look as if light spots were present along the interspace between the first three horizontal bands' 

 gmng the appearance of smuous oblique dark bands. "o-^u^, 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



2. Therapon jarbua, Plate XYIII, fig. 4. 



ScicBna jarbua, Porsk. Desc. Anim. p. 50; Gm. Linn. p. 1303; Shaw, Zool. iv, p. 541 



Holocentrus servus, Bloch, t. 238, f. 1. 



Holocentrus jarbua, Lacep. iv, pp. 348, 355. 



Grammdstes servus, Bl. Schn. p. 185. 



Goius trivittatus. Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 92, 370. 



Therapon Timoriensis, Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Uran. Poiss. p. 341. 



Therapon servus, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 125, and vii, p. 479 ; RiippeU, N. W. Fische, p. 95 ; Bleeker, Perc 

 p. 60, and Atl. loh. Perc. t. xxxiv, f. 2 ; Richards. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, ix, p. 125 ; Giinther, Oatal i p 278 

 and Fische d. Sudsee, p. 26 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 18 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 45. 



Pterapon trivittatus. Gray and Hardw. Ind. Zool. (from H. B. Mss.) 



Therapon trivittatus, Cantor. Catal. p. 19. 



Therapon jarbua, Klunzinger, Yerh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1870, p. 729. 



Therapon (Datnia) jarbua, Bleeker, Therapons, 1872, p. 377. 



Palim, keetcham, Tam. , Gahnm, Ooriah : Nga-sabasa-sa, ' Paddy eating fish,' Arrac. : Boorgooni and Jeerpve 

 Beng-Chitt. ^'' ' 



B. vi, D. L9^^ P. 13, Y. 1/5, A. J^, C. 17, L. 1. 80-90, L. tr. 15/30, Yert. 10/15. 



Length of head from 3/11 to 1/4, of caudal 1/5, height of body 3| to 3f in the total length, ^yes- 

 diameter 3| to 1/4 in length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and also apart. The maxilla reaches to 

 below the first third of the orbit. Preorbital moderately serrated in the last two-thirds of its lower edge. 

 Yertical limb of preopercle with from 12 to 14 serrations, the two at its rounded angle being much the strongest, 

 along the lower limb are about eight weaker ones. Sub- and inter-opercles with fine serrations at their 

 approximating edges, which may or may not be blunted with age, those from the Malabar coast appear to be 

 the most strongly serrated. Upper opercular spine small, the lower large and strong, and its length equal to 

 about two-thirds of the diameter of the orbit. Shoulder-bone, also the one in the axilla, serrated, very strongly 

 so in the young. Teeth — an outer somewhat enlarged row in the jaws, fine ones likewise generaUy present on ' 

 the vomer and palatines, more especially in the young. Fins — dorsal spines moderately strong, the third and 

 fourth the longest, of about the same height and equal to half that of the body below them : second anal spine 

 usually the strongest, and slightly shorter than the third : caudal forked. Colours — back bluish-grey, becoming 

 white on the abdomen, with a tinge of gold along the cheeks and snout. Three longitudinal reddish-brown 

 bands, having a slight convexity downwards, pass along the body : the upper from in front of the dorsal spines 

 to the eighth or ninth : the second from the occiput to the end of the soft dorsal having reached the lateral-line 

 in its concave course : the third from the back of the head to the lower opercular spitie, and continued in a 

 curved direction to the centre of the caudal fin. Sometimes a fourth band is present along the abdomen. 

 Yentral and anal with a yellow tinge along their centres. Dorsal interspinous membrane milk-white, with a 

 black" mark in its upper two-thirds between the third and sixth spines : a second commences at the eighth 

 spine, and is continued along the whole base of the soft dorsal : upper edge of first three dorsal rays tipped 

 with Mack : caudal with two oblique bands across each lobe : eye yellowish-red. 



