140 ACANTHOPTEETGH. 



three rows of rounded teeth in the lower, four in the upper jaw. Second anal f'^%}ll^^}^l^^ "^ ^^*^- 

 Silvery, with golden bands along the rows of scales on the body. Bed Sea, seas of India to China. 



1. Chrysophiys datnia, Plate XXXIV, fig. 1. 



Coins rlnbila. Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 88, 369, pi. 9, £ 29. 

 Chiisovhrys longispinis, Cuv. and Val. Ti, p. 116 ; Bleeker Bei^. p. y>i. 

 C'%sop%s ScWe£/eZu-, Bleaker, Japan, p. 400, and Verh. Bat. Gen XXVI p. 8b^ 



Chnjsihry^ Juista, Gnnthev, Catal. i, p. 490 (not Sparus hasta, Bl. Schn.) ; Day, Fish. ilal. p. 29 , Kner, 



Nov. Fische, p. 88. „ ^ i ^ n /-c i a 



B. yi; D. H-a, p. 15, V. 1/5, A. ^%, C. 17, L. 1. 46-48, L. tr. 4-5/11, C^. pyl. 4. 



Length of head from 1/4 to 4/17, of caudal 1/6, height of body 4/11 of the total length^yes-^eter 

 1/4 to 1/5 of length of head, 1 to H diameter from end of snout, and also apart. A shght protuberance above the 

 anterior-superior angle of the orbit. Dorsal profile considerably elevated. Preorbital twi^ as long a^ deep its 

 lower edge usuaUy dmost straight, but occasionaUy notched. lu a large specimen in the Bnteh Museum it^ 

 emarginZte in the last three-foi^hs of its lower edge. The maxiUa reaches to below the middle of the orbit. 

 Vertical limb of preopercle very finely serrated : opercle with a weU developed spme. /fjA-si^ mci^OTS m 

 front of either jaw, more closely set anA less pointed than in C. Cnmeri, and with rounded teeth behind them; 

 an outer compressed row, (neither so large or pointed as in the last species, and blunted m the adult,) extending 

 for only four or five teeth, exists in either jaw, internal to which are three or four rows of rounded molars in the 

 lower and four or five in the upper jaw : the inner teeth of the hind rows are the largest : there are no vilbform 

 teeth in either jaw. F/hs— alternate dorsal spines strongest on one side, the fourth being the longest and as 

 long as the postorbital portion of the head : first anal spine short, the second as long as the head excludi^ the 

 snout. Lateral-line— Si rows of scales between it and the sixth dorsal spine, Vj rows between the base ot the 

 ventral fin and the lateral-line. C'oZoijcs— sUvery-grey, the bases of the scales darkest and their edges sUvery, 

 this is most distinct above the lateral-Une : a dark interorbital band : dorsal and caudal with black edges, a^^ark 

 band along the soft dorsal and the first few anal rays. .it e .i.- 



Dr. Gunther (Catal. i, p. 490) considers C. xanthopoda and G. auripes, Richardson, synonyms ot tins 

 species. It difiers from C. herda in its teeth, likewise in the strength of the dorsal spines, the number of 

 pyloric appendages, and also of the rows of scales. 



Eahitat—The specimen figured (6 inches long) is from the Hooghly at Calcutta, where it attains at 

 least 18 inches in length. It is found from the Bed Sea throughout those of India to the Malay Archipelago 



and beyond. ^^ 



2. Chrysophrys berda, Plate XXXIV, fig. 2, and XXXV, fig. 2 (var. calamara.) 



Sparus herda, Forsk. p. 32 ; Lacep. iv, pp. 31, 105 ; Bl. Schn. p. 278 (not Risso.) 



Spams hasta, Bl. Schn. p. 275. 



Sparus calamara, Russell, i, p. 63, pi. xcii. 



Chrysoplmis herda, Riipp. N. W. Fische, p. 120, t. 27, f. 4; Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 113; Richards. Ich. 

 China, p. 240 : Gunther, Catal. i, p. 494 ; Klunz. Fische d. Roth. Meer. 1870, p. 7-58. 



Chrysophrys calamara, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 117 ; Bleeker, Spar. p. lO ; Cantor, Catal. p. 48 ; Gunther, 

 Catal. i, p. 493 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 30. 



bun-de-a, Sind. : Calamara, Tel. : Aree, Mai. : Coorrie and Currapu-mattaira, Tarn. : K'la mudwan. Hind.: 

 Nya-wah, Mugh. : Moo-roo-Jcee-dah, Andam. : Jarras, Sind. 



B. vi, D. iilif, P- 15, V. 1/5, A. ^.5^, C. 17, L. 1. 44-46, L. r. aa, L. tr. 6/13, Csec. pyl. 3. 



Length of head 1/4, of caudal 1/5 to 1/6, height of body 3/8 to 2/5 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 

 2/7 to 1/4 of length of head (in a young specimen 4^ inches long 1/3), IJ to If diameters from end of snoiit, 

 and also apart. Dorsal profile more convex than that of the abdomen, snout compressed and somewhat pointed. 

 The maxilla reaches to below or slightly behind the front edge of the orbit. Preorbital narrow with its lower 

 edge straight, emarginate or even notched above the end of the maxilla. Vertical limb of preopercle a little 

 roughened or even minutely serrated : opercle with a distinct spine. Teeth — six incisors in front of either jaw, 

 the remainder of the teeth with rounded crowns except a few in the outer row of the upper jaw, which are 

 occasionally not so obtuse as the others : three or four rows in the lower jaw, four or five in the upper, the 

 largest being the last of the inner series. Fins — each alternate dorsal spine strongest on one side, the fourth 

 or fifth being slightly the longest and equalling from about 1/2 to 2/3 the length of tibe head. Pectoral slightly 

 longer than the head. Ventral not reaching the anus. Second anal spine much the strongest equalling from 

 1/2 or a little more (in typical lerda) to 3/4 of the length of the head (in the variety calamara), in which 

 last it is much the strongest : caudal emarginate. Scales — four entire and two half rows between the lateral- 

 line and the base of the spinous dorsal : nine rows between the base of the ventral and the lateral-line. Air- 

 vessel — notched posteriorly. Colours — in berda silvery-grey. Scales darkest at their bases and usually a black 

 spot behind the opercle on the shoulder. A black edge to the dorsal iuterspinous membrane, soft dorsal, caudal, 

 and anal with black edges : a dark band along the anal fin. In specimens from Sind browidsh bands usually 

 radiate from the eye. In the variety caZomara the fish is dark-greyish, the scales with dark edges, the fins 

 black or edged with black. Some specimens are much darker than others. 



Valenciennes vi, p. 115, observes that he has compared Spanis hasta, Bl. Schn. with S. lerda (Forsk.) 

 C. V. and that they are identical. " Valenciennes confounds under the name of Chr. herda, Bengal specimens of 



