154 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



dorsal and anal with black spots in irregular lines : four or five sinuous vertical bands on the caudal : pectoral 

 and ventral with black transverse bands and lines as wide or wider than the ground-colour. 



Eahitat.—Se?ia of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. I have this species from the Andamans. 



4. Pterois volitans, Plate XXXVII, fig. 1. 



Oasterosteus volitans, Linn, Syst. Nat. XII, i, p. 491. 



Scorpcena volitans, Block, t. 184,; Gmel. Linn. p. 1217; Bl. Schn. p. 193; Lacep. iii, p. 289; Gronov. 

 ed. Gray, p. 119 ; Bennett, Fish. Ceylon, p. 1, pi. 1. 



Scorpmna mahe, Lacep. iii, p. 278. 



Fterois volitans, Cuv. and Val. iv, p. 352, pi. 88 ; Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 264 ; Bleeker, Sclerop. p. 8 ; 

 Ruppell, N. W. Fische, p. 107 ; Giinther, Oatal. ii, p. 122 ; Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 38 ; Klunz. Verh. z. b. 

 Ges. Wien, 1870, p. 806. 



Pseudomonopterus volitans, Bleeker, Fish. Madagas. p. 87. 



Pterois a nageoires lie cle vin, Lienard, Nat. Hist. Soc. Mauritius, 1839, p. 33. 



Purrooah, Mai. : Gheeb-ta-ta-dah, Andam. 



B. vii, D. 12 I Toiyr. P- 14, V. 1/5, A. f:|, C. 14, L. r. 90, L. tr. 13/, Ceec. pyl. 3, Vert. 10/14. 



Length of head 3/11 to 3/13, of caudal 3/11 to 4/13, height of body 4/13 to 1/3 of the total length. Eyes 

 — diameter 1/4 to 2/9 of length of head, 1| to 1| diameters from end of snout, and 1 apart. Interorbital space 

 deeply concave, it and the nape scaleless, or with some very rudimentary scales : it is traversed by two low 

 ridges which do not terminate posteriorly in spines. The» maxilla reaches to below the front edge or first third 

 of the orbit. Preopercle with two or three spines along its vertical border, and three more along its lower Kmb : 

 turbinal spines present : some blunt ones along the upper edge of the orbit : occipital ridge with two blade-like 

 spines : two more, but less developed, on the temporal ridge : lower margin of preorbital with three blunt spines 

 and a raised line, sometimes almost spinate, running across the cheeks from that bone to the upper preopercular 

 spine. Opercular spine but shghtly developed. A long tentacle from the upper edge of the orbit and about half 

 the length of the head : also fleshy tentacles along the lower edge of the preorbital, the hind one of which is most 

 developed. Teeth — -viiliform in jaws and vomer. Fins — the first ten dorsal spines are high, and equal to the 

 height, or one half more, of the body, the interspinous membrane deeply emarginate : soft portisn of fin not so 

 high as the spinous : pectoral reaching to or beyond the root of the caudal, the membrane between the upper 

 four rays deeply cleft : ventrals reach the anal rays : third anal spine the longest, being three-fourths as high as- 

 the first dorsal spine : caudal rather rounded or wedge-shaped. Golov/rs — reddish, with vertical brown bands 

 having narrower and lighter intermediate ones : three or four broad ones radiate from the eye : one passes over 

 the nape, and seven or eight more are present on the body, the third and fourth usually coalescing under the 

 middle of the pectoral fin. A black mark in the axilla, having a pure white spot in its centre. Dorsal spuies 

 annulated with black : soft dorsal, caudal, and anal spotted : pectoral greyish with Hght-coloured spots : ventral 

 slate-coloured with white spots. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, Bast coast of Africa, through the seas of India to Australia. 



5. Pterois cincta, Plate XXXVII, fig. 3. 

 ? Pterois radiata, (Park.) Cuv. and Val. iv, p. 369 ; Garrett, Fische d. Sudsee, t. Ivi, fig. A. 

 Pterois oinota, Riipp. N. W. Fische, p. 108, t. 26, f. 3; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 125 ; Klunz. Verh. z. b. Ges. 

 Wien, 1870, p. 806. 



B. vii, D. 11 I TTiy^, p. 16, V. 1/5, A. I, C. 15, L. 1. 25, L. r. 45, L. tr. 7/25. 



Length of head 3/11, of caudal 1/4 to 3/14, of pectoral 2/3, height of body 3/11 of the total length. Eyes- 

 diameter 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 2/3 of a diameter apart. Interorbital space 

 very concave. The maxilla reaches to below the hind edge of the orbit. Tentacle above the orbit long, and 

 reaching as far as the end of the snout. Margin of orbit serrated : occipital and temporal ridges spinate : other 

 bones about the head comparatively feebly armed. Several fleshy tentacles on the head: long ones on the 

 snout. Teei/j— viiliform in jaws and vomer. Mm— eighth to ninth dorsal spines the highest, equaUing half the 

 height of the body: pectoral reaches as far as the end of the caudal. Scales— oa nape. Colours— snout 

 uncoloured : a deep brown band edged with white extends from the eye to the angle of the interopercle : the 

 second encircles the neck, and there are six more on the body, which looks as if it were traversed vertically by 

 narrow mdk-white bands. A dark band at the base of the pectoral, which is also stained in its outer half; a 

 blackish mark m the axUla without any white spot. Ventral greyish, its spine white : caudal spotted 



The name P. raddata attached to a figure of this species in Garrett's Fische d. Sudsee, 1 c would appear* 

 to show that Dr. Giinther considers the figure of a Pterms, made at Otaheiti by Parkinson, to be identical with 

 the above. See Cuv. and Val. iv, p. 369. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, Andamans to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



Genus, 6— Apistus, Ctm. 

 Pteriohthys, Swainson ; Polemius, Kaup. 



BramUostegals six. Bead and body rather compressed. No groove across occiput. Strong and sharp 

 * Parte i-iii haye been published in this country, including Ix plates, but only 96 pages of letterpress. 



