186 ACANTHOPTERTGII. 



placed enlarged ones. Fins — dorsal spines weak, nearly twice as long as the rays, and from If to 1/2 as liigli as the 

 body. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout. Ventral reaches rather above half way to the anal. 

 Second anal spine very strong, nearly as long as the first ray and equal from 1/2 the length of the head to its 

 length behind the middle of the eyes : the extent of the base of the fin from 1/4 to 1/5 of that of the soft dorsal. 

 Caudal wedge-shaped. Scales — cycloid on head and chest, ctenoid on the remainder of the body. Lateral-lme — 

 becomes straight above the hind edge of the anal, its tubes arborescent posteriorly. Colours— grajish. darkened 

 with green along the back, becoming white on the sides and abdomen, sometimes a small brown spot in^ front 

 of each dorsal ray. Outer edges of the fins in some specimens dark, except the ventral which is white. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago, attainiug at least 2 feet in length. The specimen 

 figured, from Bombay is 10 inches long. 



3. Scisena Vogleri, Plate XLV, fig. 1. 

 Otolithus Vogleri, Bleeker, Sumatra, p. 253. 



Scixna Vogleri, Q-unther, Catal. ii, p. 294. 



Pseudoscimna Vogleri, Bleeker, Memoir. Scien. 1874, p. 35. 



B. vii, D. 10 1 -^l-^, P. 19, V. 1/6, A. f, C. 17, L. r. ia, L. tr. 6/14, Csbc. pyl. 9. 



Length of head 3f , of caudal 6|, height of body 1/4 to 4^ in the total length. Eyes — diameter 4| to 4| in 

 the length of head, 1 to IJ diameters from the end of snout, and also apart. Body rather compressed, the dorsal 

 profile more convex than the abdominal. Width of head equals If in its' length, its height equals its 

 length excluding the snout. The snout does not overhang the upper jaw which is very slightly longer than the 

 lower, cleft of the mouth oblique, the maxUla reaching to below the middle of the orbit. Preopercle distinctly 

 but finely serrated : two opercular spines : the distance between the eye and the maxilla equals 1 diameter of 

 the orbit. Five large open pores under the symphysis of the lower jaw, also five orifices along the free edge of 

 the skin of the snout. The shoulder-scale serrated. Teeth — villiform in both jaws, with an outer row of 

 large, curved, and rather distantly placed ones in the premaxillaries : and an internal row of large conical and 

 rather widely separated ones in the lower jaw. Fins — dorsal sprues of moderate strength, the second to the 

 fifth subequal in length, from 2 to 2 J in the height of the body, and 1/3 higher than the rays. Pectoral as long 

 as the head behind the first fourth of the eye. Ventral scarcely reaches half way to the anal. Second anal 

 spme weak, half the height of the first ray, and 4-1- iu that of the body. Caudal wedge-shaped. Scales— cycloid 

 on the head,_ ctenoid over the chest and body : the base of the soft dorsal fin rather thickly scaled. Lateral- 

 Ztme— becomiug straight opposite the posterior portion of the anal fin, its tubes with one or two branches. 

 CoZowra— silvery, glossed with golden, first dorsal dotted with black, most distinctly so in its upper half: 

 superior edge of soft dorsal and last half of caudal gray : a small dark spot sometimes present in the axilla : 

 fins yellow. 



EaUtat.—Se&s of India to the Malay Archipelago. The largest specimen I have taken is lOi inches in 

 length. 



4. Soisena sina, Plate XLIV, fig. 2. 

 Johnius sina, Cuv. and Val. v, p. 122 ; Blyth, J. A. S. of Beng. 1860, p. 141. 



Cornrna sina, Belang. Voy. Ind. Orient. Zool. p. 359 ; Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxvi, p. 82 ; Jerdon, M. 

 J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 132. ' r > i 



Scimna sina, Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 292 ; Day, Pish. Malabar, p. 52. 



Booroo and SouwaJi! or Soor, Sind. : Goal, Bel. 



B. vii, D. 10 I ^l-^, P. 17, V. 1/6, A ^?^, 0. 17, L. r. ||. L. tr. 8/14, Csec. pyl. 9. 



^ ■ + ^^^fl^.i ^?i,^ Vt ^°K\°^ ''^^'^^^ y^ *° 2/11, height'of body 2/7 to 1/4 of the total length. Fyes- 

 diameter 1/4 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and Ii apart. Height of head equlls its length 

 excluding the snout, and its width If of its length. Snout rather inflated, scarcely overhanging the iaws : ifws 

 of nearly equal length anteriorly: cleft of mouth nearly horizontal, the maxilla reaching^ to^ below the last 



S p™cf ' o ^; T^''- ^ if ^'''^'''I. ^'"'^ *^« ^y^ *° *^« ^PP^^ J^^ ^q--l« 1/2 to 3/4 of a diameter of the 

 W ,C°^''''f °ftt \ ?^^^Tf"y,«ome distmct spinate teeth at its angle. Snout with three pores across its 

 Sp '- 5n, [r- 1^' *^! skm with a large central opening, and another eltemally on either side, no large lateral 

 lobe : shoulder-flap serrated _ Five open pores under the symphysis of the mandible. reei;i-vil]iform with an 

 outer curved row of rather distantly placed ones in the upjer jaw, and an inner enlarged rowTtwSbfe 

 Mns-domal spines rather weak, third and fourth the longest and equal to 2^ in^ the height of The Sdy 

 Pectoral as long as the head without the snout. Ventral reaches nearly 1/2 wa^ to the anT Second ana 



tT2;7T42Tf the St f:t °V''/r' T- ^f ^^^^^ *° ^* ^ *^^* °f '^^ bo/y = the bateof theX 4- 

 to ^/7 ot that of the soft dorsal. Caudal wedge-shaped. Air-vessel— \&rge anteriorly, bulffins on eitherlide 



tenold 'S o"n S W where'tf ^ '" -PPendageL each side : poste/orly it ends £ a Ef pTint. tL- 



LlZaU^e-he~,^iril^^^^ "^^'* °^ ^^^ bases of the soft dorsal and anal fins. 



clZs-,LetTtZlt^^^^^^^ r^'^t°l^\' ^^^^ fi^= eaxjh tube gives ofi" a branch on either side. 



e%eZlly t itJ'oSarth 'Z^^^^ '^'=^' ^^"^ ^^°* ^^^ ^^'^ ^ *^« -^^°-- = ^-t dorsal blackish, 



are not muchtltd as food'butXf''' """ ^^^^ Western coast of India and Sind, even so far as Gwadur. They 

 valued as food but their air-vessels are extensively collected for isinglass. In Bombay and Sind 



