216 ACANTHOPTERTGII. 



broad vertical bands on tlie body in immature specimens. Fins golden, except the first dorsal, wMch is gray, 

 the tip, and sometimes the entire upper edge of the second dorsal and end of the upper lobe of the caudal black. 

 Usually no opercular spot in Indian specimens, and when present mostly small. 



HahitaL—Seas of India, Malay Archipelago to the Atlantic coasts of tropical America : the specimen 

 figured (5| laches long) is from Madras where they attaia a large size. 



6. Caranx hippos. 



Scomber hippos, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 494 ; Bl. Schn. p. 28 ; Forster, Desc. Anim. ed. Licht. p. 199. 



Scomber Kleinii, Bl. t. 347, f. 2 ; Bl. Schn. p. 30. 



Scomber wotim parah, Russell, ii, p. 36, pi. 148. 



OarMix sem,, Cuv.-and Val. ix, p. 105 ; Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 137. 



Garanx Forsteri, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 107 ; Cantor, Catal. p. 127; Bleeker, Makr. p. 57, and Nat. Tyds. 

 Ned. Ind. 1852, iil, p. 164 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 158. 



Caranx sexfasdakis, Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Freyc. p. 358, pi. 65, f. 4 ; Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 110 (young). 



Caranx Peronii, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 112. 



Caramix Lessonii and Belengeri, Cuv. and Val. ix, pp. 113, 116. 



Cararvx hippos, Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 449 ; Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 86 ; Klnnz. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 

 1871, p. 465. 



Garangiis hippos, Bleeker, Waigou, 1868, p. 3. 



B. vii, D. 7-8 i r^l^, P. 22, V. 1/5, A. 2 | „i^, C. 21, L. 1. 30-36. 



Length of head 1/4, of caudal 2/9, height of body 1/3 to 3^* ia the total length. Eye — with a posterior 

 adipose lid reaching half way or two-thirds of the distance to the pnpil, diameter 3/11 of length of head, 

 1 diameter from end of snout, and also apart. Dorsal and abdominal profiles about equally convex and forming 

 a gradual slope. Greatest width of head equals 1/2 its length, and its height equals nearly its length. Lower 

 jaw slightly the longer, the cleft of the mouth commences opposite the middle or lower third of the front edge 

 of the eye, the maxilla reaches to below the last third of the orbit. Greatest height of preorbital equals 1/2 the 

 diameter of the eye. Teeth — villiform, with an outer enlarged row in the premaxillaries : in a single row 

 in the lower jaw, amongst which occasionally are a few larger ones, a pair of well-marked canines above the 

 symphysis : in a triangular patch on the vomer, in a band on the palatines, also along the tongue. Fins — 

 the third dorsal spine the longest and equal from 1/3 to 3^ in the height of the body : the anterior dorsal 

 rays equal to 2j in the height of the body. Pectoral 1/5 longer than the head. Anal similar to, but lower than, 

 the second dorsal. Caudal deeply forked. Scales — on cheeks, body, and chest. Lateral-line — consisting of 

 80 scales, forms an arch, 1/3 as high as long, ending below the sixth dorsal ray, the length of the arch 

 equalling 2/3 of that of the straight portion : keeled plates extend the whole distance along the horizontal 

 portion of the lateral-line, the largest being below the last portion of the second dorsal fin, and equal 1/10 of the 

 height of the body. Colours — body golden, having a tinge of gray along the back. A smaU black spot on the 

 opercle just before the com m encement of the lateral-line. Fins yellow, summit of second dorsal and point of 

 the upper caudal lobe deep black, sometimes the whole of the posterior border of the caudal fin is black edged. 

 Eyes, bright orange. ' Usually a dark spot behind the base of the pectoral fin. The young are golden, with four 

 or five broad vertical bands on the body. 



Caranx Heberi, Benn. Fish. Ceylon (p. 26, pi. xxvi.) is probably this species : if so the mouth is shown 

 too low down. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago, China, and beyond. It attains a large size, as 3 feet 

 or more in length. When captured it grunts Uke a young pig, and this is repeated whenever it is 

 moved, so long as vitality remains. 



7. Caranx sansun, Plate L, fig. 5. 



Scomber sansun, Forsk. p. 56. 



Scomber gundi-parah, Russell, ii, p. 33, and pi. 144. 



Caranx sansun, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 101, and N. "W. Fische, p. 48, t. xiii, f. 3 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, 

 p. 447 ; Klunz. Verh. z. b, Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 446. 



Oarangus sansun, Bleeker, Fauna de Madag. 1874, p. 99. 



B. vii, D. 8 I -^l-^, P. 20, V. 1/5, A. 2 | ^l-^, C. 19, L. 1. 30-32. 



Length of head 1/4, of caudal 1/4 to 2/9, height of body 1/3 of the total length. Ae— with a narrow 

 posterior adipose hd, diameter 3f in the length of head, 1 to 1^ diameters from end of snout, and 1 apart. 

 Dorsal p^file more convex than that of the abdomen, the profile of the anterior surface of the head somewhat 

 obtuse. The greatest width of the head equals 4/9 of its length, and its heiglat its entire length. Lower jaw 

 a little the longer, the cleft of the mouth commences below the level of the orbit, the maxilla reaches to below 

 the last thj^d of the eye. Greatest depth of preorbital equals 3/4 in the young to 1^ in the adult diameters of 

 the eye. reei^^vJliform, with an outer row of enlarged but irregularly sized ones in the premaxillaries, in a 

 single row of u-regularly sized ones m the lower jaw, some being much laj-ger than the others, aid a pair of minute 

 canines at the symphysis : m a triangular spot on the vomer, in a band on the palatines and in a narrow patch 



* In a specimen 1^ iiujhes long, the height of the body eiinals 2/5 of the total length. 



