FAMILY, XVI— CARANGID^. 217 



along tie middle of tlie tongue. Fins— fhivdi dorsal spine tlie highest, equalling 1/3 of that of the body and 

 2/3 as high as the commencement of the second dorsal. Pectoral 1/4 longer than the head. Ventral reaches 

 nearly 1/2 way to the anal. Caudal deeply forked. Scales— on body, chest, and cheeks. LaferaZ-Zme— consist- 

 ing of mnety-fiye scales, its arched portion ending below the sixth dorsal ray, the height of the arch being 

 equal to 1/4 of its length, and its length equal to li or 11 in the straight portion. Keeled scales commenct 

 about the third scale of the horizontal portion, becoming well developed beneath the last part of the soft dorsal 

 where their height equals 1/8 to 1/9 of that of the body. Free portion of the taU longer than high at its base! 

 OoZoMTs— silvery along the back, becoming golden below, all the fins yeUow, first dorsal grayish. No 

 opercular spot. 



Habitat.— Red Sea, seas of India. The specimen figured (6| inches long) is from Madras. Russell's 

 specimen was 1 foot long, and he says that it is a dry, insipid fish. 



d. Nofinlets. Teeth in jaws in one or more rows of nea/rly equal size. 



8. Caranx gymnostethoides, Plate XL VIII, fig. 6. 



.'' Oa/ranx gymnostethus, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 73. 



Ga/rangoides gymnostethoides, Bleeker, Makr. p. 365. 



CaroMX gymnostethoides, Griinther, Catal. ii, p. 431 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 163. 



B. vii, D. 8 I 35I3T, P. 21, V. 1/5, A. 2 | ^i^, C. 17, L. 1. 22-25. 



Length of head 1/4, of caudal 2/9, height of body 1/4 of the total length. Hye — with a na,rrow posterior 

 adipose lid, diameter h\ in length of head, 2 diameters from end of snout, and If apart." Abdominal profile 

 rather more convex than the dorsal, a slight rise from the snout to the base of the first dorsal fin. Greatest 

 width of head equals half its length, and its height equals its length posterior to the nostrils. Lower jaw some- 

 what the longer. Cleft of the mouth commences opposite the middle of the eyes, the maxilla reaches to nearly 

 below the front edge of the orbit. The preorbital in its deepest part equals 1 diameter of the orbit. Teeth — viUi- 

 form in both jaws, on the vomer, palatines, and along the middle of the tongue. Fins — dorsal spines not strong, 

 the third and fourth the longest and equal to 2/7 of the height of the body : the first portion of the soft dorsal 

 the highest, and equal to 2/5 of that of the body. Pectoral rather longer than the head. Anal similar to soft 

 dorsal. Caudal forked. Scales — extended over the chgeks and body, but none on the chest from below the 

 pectoral fin. Lateral-lime — at first makes a long, low curve to below the 16th dorsal ray, the length of the 

 arch equals that of the straight portion, the height of the more developed plates equals 1/14 of that of the body. 

 Free portion of the taU 2/3 as high at its base as it is long. Coloms — greenish along the back, becoming dull 

 silvery- white below : an indistinct opercular spot present. Soft dorsal and anal stained with black in their 

 highest portions. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. The largest specimen in the Madras Museum is 

 28 inches in length. The one figured is 17 inches long and from Madras. 



9. Caranx ferdau. 

 Scomber ferdau, Forsk. p. 55. 



Garam; lajad, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 98, t. 25, f. 6 ; Gunther, Catal. ii, p. 438. 

 Garanx fulvoguttatus, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 73. 

 Ga/rangoides fulvoguttatus, Bleeker, Makr. p. 89. 

 Gan-ami ferdau, Klunz. Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 462 (not RiippeU or Gunther). 



B. vii, D. 7-8 1 -^l-^, P. 21, V. 1/5, A. 2\^,G. 17, L. 1. 25. 



Length of head 4j, of caudal 1/5, height of body 3| to 4| in the total length. Eye — with a narrow 

 posterior adiposfe lid, diameter from 4| to 4| of length of head, Ij to 2 diameters from end of snout. - Dorsal 

 and abdominal profiles about equally convex, a slight ascent from the snout to the base of the dorsal fin. 

 Height of head equals its length. Cleft of mouth commences opposite the middle of the front edge of the eyes, 

 jaws of about equal length : the maxilla reaches to below the middle of the orbit. Greatest height of preorbital 

 equals 3/4 of a diameter of the orbit. Teeth — villiform in both jaws, on vomer, and palate, tongue scabrous. 

 I^Mw— spines of first dorsal increase in length to the third which equals 2/7 in the height of the body : the anterior 

 portion of the second dorsal equals 2/6 the height of the body. Pectoral falciform and equal to 3^ in the total 

 length. Anterior portion of the anal commences below the seventh dorsal ray, and is as high as the first portion 

 of that fin. Caudal deeply forked. Scales — in 140 rows, present on cheeks, upper portion of opercle, behind the 

 eyes, also on the body, but not on the chest in front of the base of the ventral fin. A scaly sheath along bases of 

 soft dorsal and anal fins. Lateral-line — in its first half makes a long low curve to below the 13th dorsal ray, the 

 height of the arch being equal to 1/5 or 1/6 of its length. The keeled scales developed below the end of the 

 second dorsal fin. Golowrs — greenish along the back, the young haying five transverse oval spots or bars on the 

 side of the body. No opercular spot. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, East coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



10. Caranx crumenophthalmus, Plate XLIX, fig. 1. 

 Scomber crumeno^phthalmus, Bloch, t. 343. 

 Scomber bahmtiophthaJmus, Bl. Schn. p. 29. 



2 F 



