FAMILY, XVI— CARANGID^. 219 



Greatest width of tead equals 3/6 of its length, whUst its height is nearly equal to its length. Lower jaw a 

 little the longer : cleft of the mouth commences opposite the centre of the orbit : the maxilla reaches to below 

 the first third of the eye. Depth of preorbital equal to 2/3 of the diameter of the eye. Central crest along the 

 head well developed. Tedh — a fine row of pointed ones in either jaw, a triangular patch on the vomer, a 

 narrow band along the palatines, also a bony plate on the centre of the tongue, which is finely toothed. Fins — 

 dorsal spines of moderate strength, the third a little the longest and equal to 4/11 or 1/3 of the height of the body', 

 and nearly as high as the anterior rays of the second dorsal. Pectoral falciform, equal to 1/4 or 2/7 of the entire 

 length of the fish, and reaching to below the tenth or twelfth dorsal ray : ventral reaches half way to the anal. 

 Anal commences under the third or fourth dorsal ray. Caudal deeply forked. Scales — over body, chest, cheeks, 

 and above the hind third of the eye, also forming a well developed sheath to both the dorsal and anal fins. 

 Lateral-Une — with 86 to 90 scales, strongly curved anteriorly, becoming straight below the first dorsal ray, the 

 height of its arch equals about 1/3 of its length : the length of its arch is 2j in that of the straight part : 

 keeled plates commence on the first scale of the straight portion, becoming most developed below the last third 

 of the second dorsal fin, where they equal 1/8 to 1/9 of the height of the body. Free portion of the tail about 

 twice as long as it is deepat its base. Golov/rs — silvery blue along the back, becoming golden on the sides and 

 below : a large black blotch on the opercle at its posterior-superior angle. Fins yellow, the first dorsal tinged 

 with gray, as is also the upper edge of the second dorsal, except its most elevated portion which is white : upper 

 lobe of caudal darker than the lower. In a specimen over 13 inches in length, the summit of the soft dorsal is 

 white and the rest of the fin black : the first dorsal is dark : the anal has a black spot at the base of its first 

 six rays.* 



Habitat. — Red Sea, East coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. It is 

 common in Madras and considered fair eating : it attains at least 13 inches in length. 



13. Caranx afBnis, Plate XLIX, fig. 4. 



Garcmx affims, Riipp. N. W. Fische, p. 49, t. xiv, f. 1 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 151 ; Klunz. Verh. z. b. 

 Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 459. 



Garanx mate, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 64; Cantor, Catal. p. 125 ; Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 82. 



Ga/roMX xanthmrus, (Kuhl. and v. Hass.), Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 55 ; Gunther, Catal. ii, p. 434; Bleeker, 

 Bintang, 1868, p. 5. 



Selwr Sasseltii, Bleeker, Makr. p. 360. 



Ga/ranx Sasseltii, Gunther, Catal. ii, p. 430. 



B. vii, D. 7-8 I it, P- 24, V. 1/5, A. 2 | -^l-^, C. 17, L. 1. 42-47, Ceec. pyl. 20. 



Length of head 44, of caudal 6|, height of body 3| to 4| in the total length. Uye — ^with a broad anterior 

 and posterior adipose lid, both reacUng the pupil ; diameter 1/4 of length of head, rather more than 1 diameter 

 from end of snout, and 1| apart. Dorsal and aljdominal profiles about equally convex, snout rather pointed. 

 Lower jaw the longer : the maxilla reaches to below the front edge or first third of the orbit._ Interorbital 

 space with a raised ridge along its centre. Greatest width of head equals rather more than half its leng^ih : its 

 height equals its length behind the posterior nostril. Preorbital in its deep- t part, equal to nearly 1 diameter 

 of the orbit. Teeth — villiform and in more than one row at symphysis of e ;r jaw, laterally in a single row of 

 moderately large ones : in a ^-shaped or lozenge-shaped patch on vomer, o on the palatines, and in a very 

 narrow band along the certre of the tongue. Fins — ^fourth dorsal spine rather the longest, and equal to 1/3 the 

 height of the body, and nearly as high as the commencement of the soft dorsal, the last ray of which is rather 

 prolonged. Pectoral falciform and 1 diameter of the eye longer than the head : ventral reaches half way to the 

 anal, the spine of which fin is well developed, and nearly half as long as the first ray : the base of the last ray is 

 rather distant from the one preceding it. Caudal deeply forked. Scales — over body, chest, cheeks, but not on 

 the upper jaw, or occipital crest which is moderately developed. Lateral-line — ^with a lortig irregular curve 

 (which is 3/4 as long as the straight portion) becoming straight below the sixth or seventh dorsal ray : the 

 plates begin about the fifth or eighth scale on the straight portion, becoming well developed near the end of the 

 dorsal fin, below which they equal 1/7 of the height of the body. About 100 rows of scales along the lateral-line, 

 and 126 rows descend from the back to it along its whole course. Free portion of tail rather longer than 

 high. Golows — silvery along the back, becoming golden on the abdomen, a series of short vertical bands, as 

 wide as the ground colour, cross the lateral-Hne along its-whole extent. A black shoulder spot extending on to 

 the opercle. Fins yellow, tip of second dorsal anteriorly white, posteriorly with rather a dark summit : anal 

 with a white edge. 



This species is figured amongst Sir W. Elliot's Fishes of Madras, as Wamiparah, Tarn. 



Habitat— RbA Sea, seas of India, Andamans, to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. The specimen 

 figured, nearly 8 inches long, is from'Madras, where it is common, especially during the cold months. I have 

 found some fuU of developed ova as early as March. 



14. Caranx kalla, Plate XLIX, fig. 5. 



Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 49 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 83. 



Selar hrevis, Bleeker, Makr. p. 64. 



Selar kalla, Bleeker, Beng. en Hind. p. 44. 



* In a young specimen, 3| inches long, crenulations are visible on the angle and lower limb of the preopercle. 



Ji ¥ u 



