220 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



Garanx calla, Giintlier, Catal. ii, p. 433. 

 Ga/ranx hrevis, Giintlier, Catal. ii, p. 435. 

 Kallaparah, Tam. 



B. vii, D. 8 I ^1^, P. 20, V. 1/5, A. 2 | r^l^, C. 17, L. 1. 40-44. 



Length of liead 4^ to 1/6, of caudal 4f , height of body from 1/3 to 3| of the total length. %e— with a 

 developed posterior adipose lid, diameter 1/3 of length of head, 2/3 of a diameter from end of snoat, and 3/4 of a 

 diameter apart. The abdominal profile more convex than that of the back. The greatest width of thehead is 

 4/7 of its length, its height nearly equals its length. Lower jaw the longer : the maxiUa reaches to below the 

 first third of the eye. Greatest depth of preorbital equal to half the diameter of the eye. Teeth — ^in the jaws in 

 a single row, in a ^^-shaped spot on the vomer, in a band on the palatines, also along the middle of the tongue. 

 Kws— dorsal spines of moderate strength, the third and fourth the longest and equal to 1/3 the height of the 

 body, and 1/4 less than the anterior portion of the second dorsal fin. Pectoral falciform, from 4/5 to as long as 

 the body is high : ventral short, not reaching half way to the anal. Anal commences below the fourth dorsal ray, 

 its last ray as well as that of the dorsal a little elongated. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer. Scales 

 — over the body, chest, and some on the cheeks : a well developed sheath to dorsal and anal fins. Lateral-Ime — 

 having 80 scales, rather strongly curved anteriorly, but not ending abruptly, the height of its arch equals 1/3 of 

 its length, whilst its length equals If in that of the straight portion, which last commences below the fourth or 

 fifth dorsal ray. Its keeled plates begin at the commencement of the straight portion, and below the end of 

 the second dorsal they equal 1/7 of the height of the body. The free portion of the tail longer than high. 

 Golowrs — blai^h-green above, shot with silver, sides and abdomen silvery, with nacreous reflections : a distinct 

 black spot on the opercle. The tail and the caudal fin brilHant yellow, the upper lobe being tinged with green : 

 the other fins white, excepting the dorsal which has some black upon it. 



Garanx para, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 68, and ? G. camhon, C.V. ix, p. 60 ; Selar para, Bleeker, Makr. p. 56, 

 may be this species. 



Habitat.- — Red Sea, seas of India and China, attaining at least 8 inches in length. The specimen figured 

 (5i inches long) is from Madras. 



15. Caranx ire, Plate XLIX, fig. 6. 



Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 57 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 436. 



Ga/ranx prceustus, Bennett, Life of llafiles, p. 689 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 436 ; Peters, Monats. Ak. 

 Berlin, 1868, p. 262. 



Caratigoides prceustus, Bleeker, Makr. p. 364, and Verb. Bat. Gen. xxiv, Makr. p. 60, and Bintang, 

 1868, p. 5. 



Sela/r ire, Bleeker, Beng. en Hind. p. 44. 



Gitula prceusta, Bleeker, Bintang, 1868, p. 5. 



Garanx melanostethos. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 23, and Pish. Malabar, p. 83, pi. vi. 



Ire-parah, Tam. ; Oolim-parah, Mai. 



B. vii, D. 8 I ^1^, P. 20, V. 1/5, A. 2 | ^ij^, C. 19, L. 1. 26-28. 



Length of head 4i to 4f , of pectoral 1/5, of caudal 2/9, height of body 3f to 1/4 of the total length. 

 %e— havmg a narrow posterior adipose lid extending not quite half way to the pupil,* diameter of eye 3i to 

 1/4 m length of head, from 1 to IJ diameter from end of snout, and nearly 4/5 of a diameter apart. ' Dorsal and 

 anal profiles about equally convex : snout sKghtly elevated. Greatest width of head equals nearly half its length, 

 whilst its height is about the same as its length. Jaws of about equal length anteriorly, or the lower slightly 

 the longer : the maxilla reaches to below the front edge or first third of the eye. Preorbital in its deepest part 

 equals rather more than 1/2 a diameter of the orbit. Teeth— in vilHform bands in both jaws, which become a 

 smgle row lateraUy m the lower : the outer row in the upper jaw being a Uttle enlarged. In a semilnnar spot 

 anteriorly on the vomer, whilst posteriorly there exists a long narrow band along the median line : in a band on 

 the palatines and also along the middle of the tongue. Fins -spines of first dorsal weak, the third shghtly the 

 longest and equal to about 1/3 of the height of the body. Second dorsal highest anteriorly where its rays equal 

 trom 1/2 to 2^ m the height of the body. Pectoral reaches to above the commencement of the anal fin, which 

 last IS similar to the soft dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe usually the longer. Scales— coybt the body 

 except just m front of the ventral fins : superiorly they extend forwards on the head to above the eyes, cheeks, 

 and upper portion of the opercle, but there are none on the snout, preorbital, nor occipital crest : the soft dorsal and 

 anal fans have a high scaly sheath. Lateral-line-consists of about 102 scales, at first it is moderately curved, 

 becoming straight below the eighth dorsal ray, but the keeled scales do not commence until underneath the 

 fatte'enth ray, they are well developed but not very strong, the highest equaUing about 1/10 of that of the body. 

 Free portion of the tail rather longer than high. CoZowrs-gray along the back, becoming lighter on the 

 abdomen, the whole glossed with purple and gold. Head and chest tre occasionally bro^iish-black. No 

 opercular spot. Fins yeUow, with black points, the anterior portion of the second dorsal black with a 

 white ed e °^ *^^ """^^ ^°''^ °^ ^^^' "^^'■^- ^"""^^^ sometimes with black tips and a 



This species is named Nuneparah and Karamunji parah, Tam., in SirW. ElUot's collection. 



* This varies with age, also in individual specimens, in one at 3 inches in length it reaches the pupil. 



