222 ACANTHOPTERTGII. 



Garanx ccemleo-pirmatus, Riipp. Atl. FiscHe, p. 100, and N. W. Fische, p. 47, t. xiii, fig. 2 (not 

 Cuv. and Val.). 



Garcmx Malaba/ricus, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 121; Eicliards. let. China, p. 275; Cantor, Catal. p. 128; 

 Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 137 ; GiJntlier, Catal. ii, p. 437 ; Kner, Novara Msche, p. 155 ; Klunz. Verh. 

 z. b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 463. 



Gwrangoides telampa/rah, Bleeker, Makr. p. 64. 



Garomgoides Malabaricus, Bleeker, en Pise. p. 69. 



Gitula Malahcmea, Bleeker, Madagas. p. 99, 



B. yii, D. 7-8 I ^1^, P. 21, V. 1/5, A. 2 | Trixr. C. 21, L. 1. 28. 



Length of head 3|- to 1/4, of caudal 4| to 4|, height of body, 2 1 in the young to 2| in the adult of the 

 total length. %e«— without distinct adipose lids, but the skin rather projects over the eye ; diameter of eyes 

 1/3 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 3/4 of a diameter apart. Body oval and strongly com- 

 pressed, dorsal and anal profiles equally convex, a slight concavity, most distinct in the adult, opposite the 

 middle of the eyes : the occipital crest well developed. Greatest width of the head equals nearly 1/2 its length : 

 the height of the head is a little more than its length. Cleft of the mouth commences opposite the lower edge 

 of the orbit : the lower jaw slightly the longer : the maxilla reaches to below the first third of the eye. 

 Greatest depth of the preorbital nearly equals 1 diameter of the orbit. Teeth — villiform in both jaws, in a 

 somewhat triangular spot on the vomer, an elongated band along the palatines, and likewise along the centre of 

 the tongue being widest anteriorly. Fins — dorsal spines of moderate strength, the second, third, and fourth 

 being of about the same height, and equal to 2/5 of that of the body : second dorsal highest anteriorly, where 

 the rays equal 2|- in that of the body and are similar to those in the anal. Pectoral rather longer than the head. 

 Ventral small, reaching 2/3 of the way to the pre-anal spines. Caudal deeply forked. Scales — on the head there 

 are pierely a few behind the middle of the eye, none on the chest. Only a low groove along the first part of the 

 soft dorsal fin. Lateral-line — having about 90 to 105 scales, it forms a low curve to below the twelfth or 

 thirteenth dorsal ray. Its plates only commence under about the twentieth ray, becoming most developed on 

 the side of the free portion of the tail, when their greatest depth only equals 1/20 to 1/30 of the height of the 

 body, being proportionately smaller in the adults. Free portion of the tail 1/2 longer than high at its base. 

 Colours —back bluish, sides and abdomen silvery shot with purple : a dull black mark in axilla. The whole 

 of the posterior half and upper edge of the opercle stained black or brown (said to be sometimes absent). 

 Dorsal usually stained darkest at its outer edge, the other fins pale yellow. 



Jerdon observes that this fish is termed Tollam parah, Tarn. 



I have two young Garanm's, If and 2f inches long, which appear to be the young of this species, the height of 

 the body of the smallest is If in the total length, its ventrals reach the anal fin : it is vertically banded, the first 

 dorsal and ventral black. In the larger specimen the height of the body is 2J in the total length, the ventrals 

 reach the pre-anal spines, whilst the vertical bands have begun to disappear. The first dorsal and ventral are black. 



Habitat. — Eed Sea, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond, attaining at least a foot in 

 length, the specimen figured is from Madras, it is nearly 8 inches long. 



19. Caranx oblongus, Plate LI, fig. 1. 

 Cuv. and Val. is, p. 128 ; Cantor, Catal. p. 132 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 452. 

 Oarangoides oblongus, Bleeker, Makr. p. 62. 

 jRo-thul-dah, Andam. 



B. vii, D.-8 I ^l^, P. 21, V. 1/5, A. 2 [ ^i^, C. 18, L. 1. 34-40. 



Length of head 1/4 to 2/9, of caudal 4i, height of body 3J in the total length, ^es— without distinct 

 adipose Uds, diameter 3J m the young to 4i in the adult in length of head, nearly 1 diameter from end of 

 snout, and 3/4 to 1 diameter apart. Body oval, with the dorsal profile rather more convex than that of 

 the abdomen, a slight concavity in the profile opposite the upper third of the eye. Greatest width of head 

 4/7 of its length, its height rather more than its length. Occipital crest moderately developed. Upper 

 edge of eye rather close to the dorsal profile. Lower jaw the longer. Cleft of mouth oblique, commencing 

 opposite the upper third or centre of the front edge of the orbit, the maxilla reaching to below the middle of 

 the eye. Greatest width of preorbital equals 1/2 in the young to 3/4 in the adult of the diameter of the orbit. 

 Preopercle with some rather strong denticulations along both limbs, which become almost imperceptible in the 

 adult, leetk—m. a narrow villiform band, or in two rows in the premaxiUaries, having the outer sUghtly 

 enlarged : in a smgle row in the lower jaw, except at its anterior portion where they are the largest, and have a 

 few vdliform ones posteriorly. In a triangular spot on the vomer, and in a band along the palatines, and on 

 •the tongue. Fms-dorsal spines low, the longest equal to BJ or 1/4 in the height of the body: second 

 dorsal very much elevated anteriorly, where its rays equal from 3,4 to the height of the body. Pectoral as long 

 or longer than the head Ventral almost reaches the pre-anal spines. Anterior rays of anal elongated and 

 equal to 3/5 of the Height of the body. Caudal deeply forked. Scales-Belong the upper and hind edge of the 

 eyes, on the sheets and body, except on the chest as high as the pectoral fin, wHch is scaleless in thi young, 

 +^p2+ii +T, \'' '"f'/f" Pf*T 'I ""'^''^^ *° *^^ '^'^^^^ ^^te™'- to the ventral fin, and about half 

 in^ tlT?t fl f- Tf ^^^rff^K ^ '°^ «^^**^ *° ^^''^^^ ^°^'^^ a^d anal fins. -LateraUim^m about 

 105 rows, at first in the form of plate-hke rounded scales it goes directly backwards and commences to descend 



