304 ACAXTHOPTERYGII. 



lieigtt, and If in its length. Profile from eyes to end of snout very abrupt, cleft of mouth nearly horizontal 

 the maxilla reaching to below the middle of the eye. Skiu of the snout forms fleshy flaps. Teeth, — about 

 24 conical, pointed ones in each jaw. In some specimens they laterally decrease in size by degrees, as in one 

 from the Andamans of the same length as the specimen figured, which latter, however, has the teeth of unequal 

 sizes and distinct curved canines present in both jaws. In a smaller specimen from the latter locaHty only one 

 canine has appeared, this seems due to an opposite tooth in the lower jaw having become lost. When teeth are 

 regular, canines are absent, and the greater development of a tooth seems due to the loss of an opposite one. 

 Fins — the first dorsal fui is much more elevated in some specimens than in others, being shortest in 

 the immature. Ventrals short, connected with one another in their basal two-thirds. Colours — head sometimes 

 with blue spots. Body olive brown, with white or blue dots : first dorsal bluish with a dark edge, having a 

 white tip and occasionally white spots at its base : second dorsal generally with a black- white-edged longitudinal 

 band in its upper half or upper third, whilsfc its lowest portion has white dots. Pectoral and caudal often with 

 brown dots. 



Steindachner, I. c. observes that Periophthalmus Gabonicus and P. erythronerrms of Dum.eril and Gruichenot 

 are identical with P. Koel/reuteri. 



Bleeker considers P. papilio as the type of Genus PeriopMhalmtCs (as restricted) possessing canines and 

 many fine rows of sharp teeth in the pharyngeals, and P. Koelreuteri as the type of Euchoristopus, having no 

 canines, and a few rows of mostly conical ones in the pharyngeals. Giinther observes " the size of the teeth 

 varies considerably in this species, not only according to age, but in specimens of the same size, and from the 

 same locality, and even on both sides of the same individual." (Catal. iii, p. 99.) 



Habitat. — Seas and coasts of India, ascending estuaries and tidal rivers, also found at the Andamans, to 

 the Malay Archipelago and beyond. The specimen figured (life-size) is from Sind, and has five enlarged, 

 curved, canines in the lower, and four in the upper jaw much larger than the remainder of the teeth. 



Periophthalmus Schlosseri, Plate LXVI, fig. 4. 



Gobius Schlosseri, Pall. Spic. viii, p. 3, pi. 1, f. 1-4 ; Gmel. Linn, i, p. 1201 ; Lacep. ii, p. 573 ; Shaw, 

 Zool. iv, p. 246. 



Periophthalmus Schlosseri, Bl. Schn. p. 64 ; Cuv. and Val. xii, p. 192 ; Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 280 ; 

 Bleeker, Blenn. en Gob. p. 39 ; Cantor, Catal. p. 191 ; Cuv. Reg. Anim. lU. Poisson. pi. 81, f. 1 ; Giinther 

 Catal. iii, p. 100. 



Gobius tredecem-radiatus, septem-radiatus, et novem-radiatus. Ham. Buch. Fish. Gransres, pn. 46, 47 48 

 366, pi. ii, f. 14. s . ri- . , , 



PeriopUhahms tredecem-radiatus, s&ptem-radiatus, et novem-radiatus, Cuv. and Val. xii, pp. 189, 196; 

 Swainson, Mshes, ii, p. 280. 



Periophthalmus Freycimeti, Cuv. and Val. xii, p. 197 . Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Freyc. Poiss. p. 257 ; 

 Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 280. 



? Periophthalmus Bomeensis, Bleeker, Bom. i, p. 11. 



Periophthalmodon Schlosseri, Bleeker, Gobioides, 1874, p. 39. 



B. V, D. 0-15 I ^, P. 9, V. 1/5, A. ^, C. 12, L. 1. 65, L. tr. 11-12. 



Length of head 4 to 4i, of caudal 5 to 6, height of body 5 to 6 in the total length. %es— high up 

 diameter 4^ to 4^ in length of head, IJ diameters from end of snout, and 1/4 of a diameter apart. Greatest 

 width of head equals If in its length and rather exceeds its height. Cleft of mouth nearly horizontal 

 the maxilla reaches to below the middle of the eye. Teeth^in both jaws, pointed, erect, the front six in the' 

 premaxiUanes the longest. Fins— the first dorsal fin may be entirely absent, composed of very short spines or 

 of moderate development, or the anterior spine elongated as in the males. Pectorals with a strong muscular 

 base. Ventrals umted m their basal third or entirely separated. Lower edge of caudal obliquely truncated. 

 Colours— when alive, browmsh banded, with emerald green spots most distinct on the head, but in certain hghts 

 all over the body. First dorsal black, which becomes bluish superiorly, and edged with white, it h^ a 

 scarlet band along its centre with a white dot between each ray. Second dorsal the same, but the base lighter 

 and spotted: ana edged with white. In the m,ale the first dorsal fin has a black band, becoming robalt 

 externally and with a scarlet edging. 



Habitat.— Coasts and large rivers of Bengal, Burma, Andamans, to the Malay Archipelago and beyond, 

 attaimng at least 9 inches m length. The specimen figured (life-size) is from the Irrawaddu 



Genus, 7— Boleophthalmus,* Cuv. and Val. 

 Branchiostegalsfive: pseudobranchice, a slit behind the fourth gill. Gill.open,ings narrow. Body 

 sub-cylindrical : head oblong. Eyes very prominent, situated close together, the outer eyelids well developed. Cleft of 

 mouth nearly horizontal, the upper jaw sometimes slightly the longer. Teeth in a single row, the antenor ones in the 



* Bleeker divides his Boleophthalmi thus • 



'■ '"1:^:'s^,ts.^T^l^^tJ'' '"^ P«--^-- -^1-1 -d, cived, subulate, cani.es: in the lower jaw 



