FAMILY, XXXIV— MUGILID^. 357 



Tlie foregoing description is (with an exception to be noted) from one of C. and V. types (2| inches in 

 length) in the Pai-is Museum. I obtained a specimen 4^- inches long in Sind, which has a spot at the base of 

 the pectoral fin, but the presence or absence of such a mark is not invariable in Mugils. 



ScAitat. -^Seaa of India to Java. 



20. Mugil labiosus. 



Cuv. and Val. xi, p. 125 ; Bleeker, Timor, ii, p. 213, and Sumatra, ix, p. 6 ; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 454 : 

 Klunz. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1870, p. 830. 



B. vi, D. 4 I i P. 16, V. 1/5, A. |, C. 15, L. 1. 36, L. tr. 11-12. 



Length of head 4i to 5, of caudal 5^, height of body 4J in the total length. Eyes — ^without adipose lids, 

 diameter 1/3 of length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout, and l^ diameters apart. The greatest 

 width of the head equals its length excluding the snout, whilst its height is a little more. Interorbital space 

 flat. Profile from snout to dorsal fin rather steep. Preorbital has a very large and deep notch on its anterior 

 surface, it is as deep as the extremity of the bone is broad ; preorbital smooth except its posterior extremity, 

 which is serrated : extremity of the maxilla visible. Free space below the chin long, narrow, lanceolate, and 

 •with a row of glands along either side. Upper lip forming the end of the snout, thick and fringed : 

 lower Up also thick, and fringed, except opposite the symphysis where it is deficient, these fringes decrease 

 with age. On the lower surface of the head is a triangular scaleless spot, the base formed by the 

 lower jaw, the apex being below the middle of the eyes. Teeth — absent. Fms — the first dorsal commences 

 midway between the hind edge of the eye and the base of the caudal fin, it is rather higher than the 

 second dorsal. Second dorsal commences over the middle of the anal fin. Pectoral reaches to the eleventh 

 scale. Caudal emarginate. Scales — cycloid, densely covering the vertical fins, the twelfth and twenty-fourth 

 scales of the lateral-line correspond to the origins of the first and second dorsal fins : 22 rows between snout 

 and base of first dorsal. Free portion of the tail in its least depth equals the length of the head behind 

 middle of the eyes. Colours— da.vk gray above, becoming dull white on the sides and beneath : a dark 

 black spot at base of pectoral fin. 



The fringes to the lips existing in my small specimen appear to be absent in the adult stage. 



Habitat. — Specimens from 3^ to 4f inches in length were taken at the Andamans. It extends from 

 the Red Sea, through those of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



21. Mugil Borneensis, Plate LXXVI, fig. 1. 



Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind. ii, 1851, p. 201, and Borneo, xiii, p. 55 ; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 448. 

 Mugil adustus, Bleeker, 1. c. 1853, p. 503. 



B. vi, D. 4 II, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. f, C. 17, L. 1. 34, L. tr. 11. 



Length of head 4i to 4f , of caudal 5, height of body 4^ to 4f in the total length. Eyes — without adipose 

 Uds, diameter 3j to 4 in length of head, 3/4 to 1 diameter from end of snout, and If diameters apart. 

 The greatest width of the head equals its length behind the middle of the eye, and its height equals its length 

 excluding the snout. Preorbi^l scaled, slightly emarginate, serrated inferiorly, posteriorly it is truncated and 

 denticulated : extremity of the maxilla visible. Upper lip moderately thick and forms part of the anterior 

 profile : lower lip not notched above the symphysis but with a tubercle. The mandibles join at rather an acute 

 angle, the extent of the cleft is 4/9 that of the gape : the uncovered space below the chin narrow 

 and lanceolate. A groove before the vomer. Teeth — fine ones in the upper jaw. Fims — ^the first dorsal 

 commences midway between the front edge of the eye and the base of the caudal fin, it is not quite so high as 

 the second dorsal, its first spine the strongest, as high as the second and equal to the length of the head behind 

 the middle of the eye. Second dorsal commences over the anterior third of the anal, its height nearly double 

 the length of the base. Anal as high as second dorsal, its base much longer, its first-third is anterior to it : 

 in some of Dr. Bleeker's specimens the first two-thirds of the anal is anterior to the origin of the second dorsal. 

 Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout. Caudal lunatfed. Scales— with their exposed portion 

 rounded, 21 rows between snout and first dorsal fin : eleventh and twenty-third of lateral-Hne correspond to the 

 origins of the first and second dorsal fins. A short, scarcely pointed scale in axilla. Second dorsal and anal 

 with fine scales. Free portion of tail equals about half the length of the head. CoZo'!*rs— silvery, both dorsals 

 and caudal with dark outer edges. 



Habitat. — Seas of India, Calcutta to the Malay Archipelago. 



22. Mugil olivaceus. 



B. vi, D. 4 II, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. I, C. 17, L. 1. 34, L. tr. 11^ Csec. pyl. iv. 



Length of head b\, of caudal 5, height of body 4f in the total length. J/j/es— without adipose lids, 

 diameter IM, of length of head, nearly 1 diameter from end of snout, and If apart. The greatest width ot the 

 head equals its length without the snout, whilst its height is a Uttle less. Preorbital slightly emarginate, 

 truncated posteriorly, and serrated : the end of the maxilla visible. Upper lip moderately thick and forming end 

 of snout. Depth of the cleft of the mouth equals half the extent of its gape, lower lip notched, and a tubercle 

 above the symphysis of the lower jaw. Uncovered space below the chin rather narrow and lanceolate. 



