FAMILY, XXXIV— MUGILID^. 359 



strongly bent, but scarcely notched, it is serrated at its posterior extremity: end of maxilla just visible. 

 Upper lip thin, it forms the end of the snout. Depth of cleft of mouth equal to 1/3 of the width of the gape. 

 Uncovered space below the chin narrow and lanceolate. Teeth — not visible. Fins — the first dorsal commences 

 between the anterior edge of the eye and the base of the caudal fin, its first spine strong and equal to the length 

 of the head excluding the snout, it is rather higher than the second dorsal. Second dorsal 1/3 higher 

 than long, it commences behind the first third of the anal, whilst the latter is higher than the second dorsal. 

 Pectoral as long as head without the snout. Caudal emarginate. Scales — 17 rows before the dorsal fin ; ninth 

 and seventeenth scales of lateral-line correspond with the origins of the two dorsal fins. No enlarged one in. 

 axilla. Free portion of tail, its least height equals the postorbital portion of head. Golov/rs — silvery. 



Habitat. — Seas and estuaries of India to the Malay Archipelago. The specimen figured is from the 

 Sunderbunds near Calcutta. 



2i3. Mugil Waigiensis, Plate LXXIII, fig. 4. 



Mugil, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 66, and Pedda/raki sovere, pi. 182. 



Mugil peda/raki, Cuv. and Val. xi, p. 137 ; Bleeker, Beng. en Hind. p. 48. 



Mugil Waigiensis, Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Freyc. Poiss. p. 337, pi. 59, f. 2 ; Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. 

 xvi, p. 276, Atl. Mugil. t. 2, f. 2, Act. Soc. Indo-Ned. vii, Borneo, xiii, p. 43 ; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 435 ; Day, 

 Fish. Malabar, p. 144 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p; 226. 



Mugil macrolepidotus, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 140, t. 35, f. 2; Cuv. and Val. xi, p. 134; Cantor, 

 Catal. p. 95. 



Mugil meloMochi/r, (Kuhl and v. Hass.) ; Cuv. and Val. xi, p. 143 (young) ; Bleeker, Borneo, vi, p. 423. 



B. vi, D. 4 I T^8. P- !?> V- 1/5, A. A, C. 15, L. 1. 26-27, L. tr. 9, Case. pyl. x, Vert. 11 | 13. 



Length of head 4f to 5, of caudal 6, height of body 5 to SJ in the total length. Hyes — without 

 adipose lids, diameter 4| to 4|- in length of head, 1 to 1^ diameters from end of snout, and 2 apart. The width 

 of the interorbital space equals the length of the postorbital portion of the head. General appearance short and 

 stout with a depressed head. Height of head equals its postorbital length. Snout obtuse, the centre 

 of the upper lip formiug the end of the snout : the mandibles form a very obtuse angle : the maxilla 

 reaches to below the front third of the eye. Preorbital bent, not notched, but strongly serrated, the 

 lower extremity of the maxilla visible. Uncovered space on chia narrow and lanceolate. Teeth — fine ones in 

 the upper jaw. Fins — the first dorsal commences midway between the anterior edge of the eye amd the base of 

 the caudal fin, its spines are stout, the second the longest and nearly equal to 1/2 the height of the body, but 

 only 2/3 as high as the second dorsal : the origins of the first and second dorsal fins correspond to the 

 eighth and seventeenth scales of the lateral-line. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout. Anterior 

 third of anal before the origin of the second dorsal, the two fins of equal height. Caudal shghtly emarginate. 

 Scales — some are minutely ctenoid, they are extended over the vertical fins : no distinctly elongated one in the 

 axaia : 15 or 16 rows between snout and base of first dorsal. Lowest depth of free portion of the tail 

 equals the length of the head behind the middle of the eyes. Ceecal appendages bifarcated. Colours— hrownish. 

 above, becoming dull white below, a dark streak along each row of scales : fins generally deep black. 



HaUtat.— From the Red Sea, through those of India to the Malay Archipelago, China, and beyond. It 

 ascends rivers during the rainy season as high as the tides reach. It attains a foot or more in length, and is 

 good eating. The one figured (life-size) is from Bombay. 



